Virtua Voorhees Hospital

Factors descriptive of a drainage‐basin as related to its hydrology may be classified broadly as: (1) Morphologic—These factors depend only on the topography of the land forms of which the drainage‐basin is composed and on the form and extent of the stream‐system or drainage‐net within it. ((2) Soil factors—This group includes factors descriptive of the materials forming the groundwork of the drainage‐basin, including all those physical properties involved in the moisture‐relations of soils. (3) Geologic‐structural factors—These factors relate to the depths and characteristics of the underlying rocks and the nature of the geologic structures in so far as they are related to ground‐water conditions or otherwise to the hydrology of the drainage‐basin. (4) Vegetational factors—These are factors which depend wholly or in part on the vegetation, natural or cultivated, growing within the drainage‐basin. (5) Climatic‐hydrologic factors—Climatic factors include: Temperature, humidity, rainfall, and evaporation, but as humidity, rainfall, and evaporation may also be considered as hydrologic, the two groups of factors have been combined. Hydrologic factors relate specially to conditions dependent on the operation of the hydrologic cycle, particularly with reference to runoff and ground‐water.

For some years the author has used the term “infiltration” to describe the process involved where water soaks into or is absorbed by the soil. Absorption, imbibition, and percolation are often used in much the same sense. It seems better to confine the use of “percolation” to the free downward flow by gravity of water in the zone of aeration—a process for which a distinctive term is needed. “Absorption” includes the entrance of air as well as water, both liquid and vapor, into the soil (see Patten and Gallagher, Absorption of vapors and gases by soils, U.S. Dep. Agric., Bul. 51, Bur. Soils, Wash., 1908; also Charles H. Lee, On absorption and transpiration, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 1932, pp. 288–298). “Infiltration” is limited to water in the liquid form and is more accurately descriptive of the physical processes by which rain enters the soil. “Water‐penetration” is also sometimes used as if synonymous with infiltration. Its use should be restricted to the depth below soil‐surface reached by the given surface infiltration.

OBJECTIVE: Disagreement exists concerning the appropriate delivery room management of the airway of vigorous meconium-stained infants. Some suggest a universal approach to intubation and suctioning of the airway in all such neonates, whereas others advocate a selective approach. We performed this investigation: 1) to assess whether intubation and suctioning of apparently vigorous, meconium-stained neonates would reduce the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS); and 2) to determine the frequency of complications from delivery room intubation and suctioning of such infants. METHODS: Inclusion criteria included: 1) gestational age >/=37 weeks; 2) birth through meconium-stained amniotic fluid of any consistency; and 3) apparent vigor immediately after birth. Subjects were randomized to be intubated and suctioned (INT) or to expectant management (EXP). Primary outcome measures included: 1) the incidence of respiratory distress, including MAS, and 2) the incidence of complications from intubation. RESULTS: A total of 2094 neonates were enrolled from 12 participating centers (1051 INT and 1043 EXP). Meconium-stained amniotic fluid consistency was similar in both groups. Of the 149 (7.1%) infants that subsequently demonstrated respiratory distress, 62 (3.0%) had MAS and 87 (4.2%) had findings attributed to other disorders. There were no significant differences between groups in the occurrence of MAS (INT = 3.2%; EXP = 2.7%) or in the development of other respiratory disorders (INT = 3.8%; EXP = 4.5%). Of 1098 successfully intubated infants, 42 (3.8%) had a total of 51 complications of the procedure. In all cases, the complications were mild and transient in nature. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with expectant management, intubation and suctioning of the apparently vigorous meconium-stained infant does not result in a decreased incidence of MAS or other respiratory disorders. Complications of intubation are infrequent and short-lived.

In this paper we report on a systematic investigation, in the $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ temperature regime, of the electronic, magnetotransport, thermoelectric, thermal, and elastic properties of four ${M}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$ phases: ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$, ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$, ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$, and ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$. The electrical conductivity, Hall coefficient, and magnetoresistances are analyzed within a two-band framework assuming a temperature-independent charge carrier concentration. As with other $MAX$-phase materials, these ternaries are nearly compensated, viz. the densities and mobilities of electrons and holes are almost equal. There is little correlation between the Seebeck and Hall coefficients. With Young's and shear moduli in the $270\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ and $120\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ range, respectively, the phases studied herein are reasonably stiff. With room temperature thermal conductivities in the $25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕\mathrm{m}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ range ($45\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕\mathrm{m}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ for ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$) they are also good thermal conductors.

Research Bulletin 280, Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, gives the results of runoff plat experiments by Jesse I. Neal [see 1 of “References” at end of paper]. The same sail was used in all the experiments. This was Putnam soil, taken from the surface five to six inches, from a timothy meadow. The soil was placed in a tank 12 feet long, 3.63 feet wide, and 26 inches deep. Water was applied by an overhead sprinkling applicator. Neal states: “Before each run the soil was dried and cultivated to a depth of 4 inches … After the moisture‐content of the surface four inches of soil had been reduced to between two‐thirds and three‐fourths of the capillary capacity, the surface‐soil was leveled off and worked down to approximately the proper height… After the soil was approximately leveled off with a rake, a wooden templet was drawn the length of the box and all excess soil scraped off. Since the templet left the soil in a smooth condition, the rake was run lightly back and forth across the slope to simulate the condition of a good seed‐bed… The surface‐inch of soil was further dried to between one‐fourth and one‐half the capillary capacity before applying the rain.” The rain was applied at intensities of approximately 4 inches, 3 inches, 2 inches, 1.5 inches, and 0.9 inch per hour, and the experiments were carried out with surface‐slopes of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 per cent.

Abstract Geoff Coyle has recently posed the question as to whether or not there may be situations in which computer simulation adds no value beyond that gained from qualitative causal‐loop mapping. We argue that simulation nearly always adds value, even in the face of significant uncertainties about data and the formulation of soft variables. This value derives from the fact that simulation models are formally testable, making it possible to draw behavioral and policy inferences reliably through simulation in a way that is rarely possible with maps alone. Even in those cases in which the uncertainties are too great to reach firm conclusions from a model, simulation can provide value by indicating which pieces of information would be required in order to make firm conclusions possible. Though qualitative mapping is useful for describing a problem situation and its possible causes and solutions, the added value of simulation modeling suggests that it should be used for dynamic analysis whenever the stakes are significant and time and budget permit. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

BACKGROUND: Constant-flow nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) often is used in preterm neonates to recruit and maintain lung volume. Physical model studies indicate that a variable-flow NCPAP device provides more stable volume recruitment with less imposed work of breathing (WOB). Although superior lung recruitment with variable-flow NCPAP has been demonstrated in preterm neonates, corroborating WOB data are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare WOB associated with the use of variable-flow versus constant-flow NCPAP in preterm neonates. METHODS: Twenty-four preterm infants who were receiving constant-flow NCPAP (means, SD) and had birth weight of 1024 +/- 253 g, gestational age of 28 +/- 1.7 weeks, age of 14 +/- 13 days, and FIO(2) of 0.3 +/- 0.1 were studied. Variable-flow and constant-flow NCPAP were applied in random order. We measured changes in lung volume and tidal ventilation (V(T)) by DC-coupled/calibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography as well as esophageal pressures at NCPAP of 8, 6, 4, and 0 cm H(2)O. Inspiratory WOB (WOB(I)) and lung compliance were calculated from the esophageal pressure and V(T) data using standard methods. WOB was divided by V(T) to standardize the results. RESULTS: WOB(I) decreased at all CPAP levels with variable-flow NCPAP, with a maximal decrease at 4 cm H(2)O. WOB(I) increased at all CPAP levels with constant-flow CPAP. Lung compliance increased at all NCPAP levels with variable-flow, with a relative decrease at 8 cm H(2)O, whereas it increased only at 8 cm H(2)O with constant-flow NCPAP. Compared with constant-flow NCPAP, WOB(I) was 13% to 29% lower with variable-flow NCPAP. CONCLUSION: WOB(I) is decreased with variable-flow NCPAP compared with constant-flow NCPAP. The increase in WOB(I) with constant-flow NCPAP indicates the presence of appreciable imposed WOB with this device. Our study, performed in neonates with little lung disease, indicates the possibility of lung overdistention at CPAP of 6 to 8 cm H(2)O with the variable-flow device. Further study is necessary to determine the efficacy of variable-flow NCPAP in neonates with significant lung disease and its use over extended periods of time.continuous-flow and variable-flow NCPAP, work of breathing, premature neonates, lung compliance.

Using a synchrotron radiation source and a diamond anvil cell, we measured the pressure dependence of the lattice parameters of a recently discovered phase, Ta4AlC3. This phase adopts a hexagonal structure with the space group P63∕mmc; at room conditions, the a and c parameters are 3.087(5) and 23.70(4)Å, respectively. Up to a pressure of 47GPa, no phase transformations were observed. Like Ta2AlC, but unlike many related phases such as Ti4AlN3, Ti3SiC2, Ti3GeC2, and Zr2InC, the compressibility of Ta4AlC3 along the c and a axes are almost identical. The bulk modulus of Ta4AlC3, 261±2GPa, is ≈4% greater than that of Ta2AlC. Both, however, are ≈37% lower than the 345±9GPa of TaC.

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the results of a prospective multicenter clinical study on immediately fully occlusally loaded full-arch screw-retained prostheses with distal extensions (hybrid prostheses) supported by Osseotite implants inserted in edentulous lower jaws. METHOD AND MATERIAL: Sixty-two patients were enrolled in four clinical centers. Three hundred and twenty-five Osseotite implants were inserted and occlusally loaded according to an immediate loading protocol. The temporary prosthesis was delivered 4 h from surgery. The final prosthesis was delivered after 6 months. Marginal bone loss was monitored from periapical radiographs using a computerized technique. RESULTS: Two implants failed to integrate within 2 months of occlusal loading. A cumulative implant success rate of 99.4% was achieved for a period of 12-60 months postplacement (mean 28.6+/-14.1 (SD) months). Crestal bone loss around the immediately loaded implants was similar to that reported for standard delayed loading protocols. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible by an immediate occlusally loaded hybrid prosthesis supported by five to six Osseotite implants represents a viable alternative treatment to classic delayed loading protocols.

Laminar sheet‐flow may be defined as the flow of a thin sheet of viscous fluid under conditions such that turbulence does not occur. Direct surface‐runoff from the ground takes place initially as the flow of a thin film or sheet of water. Because some of the water is continually being absorbed by the soil and because of the roughness of the ground, the existence of the flowing sheet or film on the ground surface during rain is often overlooked or is barely noticeable. Studies have been made which show that the form and characteristics of the hydrograph of a stream are governed mainly by the phenomena of ground surface‐runoff before the water enters definite stream‐channels. To determine these characteristics a knowledge of the laws governing the flow of water in thin sheets is necessary.

Because the layered machinable ternary carbide, Ti 2 SC, has a significantly shorter c ‐lattice parameter—as compared with most of the 50+ other so‐called M n+1 AX n (MAX) phase family (M=early transition metal; A=A group element and X=C or N and n=1–3) to which it belongs—it was postulated that its mechanical properties would be significantly different than the other MAX phases. In this work, fine‐grained (FG) and coarse‐grained (CG) polycrystalline fully dense Ti 2 SC samples were fabricated. Hot pressing Ti 2 SC powders, at 1500°C under a stress of ∼45 MPa for 5 h resulted in FG (2–4 μm) samples which and upon further annealing for 20 h at 1600°C resulted in CG (10–20 μm) ones. No peaks other than those associated with Ti 2 SC and an impurity anatase phase, with a volume fraction of ∼6 vol% were observed in the XRD patterns and micrographs. The average Vickers hardness in the 2–300 N range is 8±2 GPa with the FG samples being slightly harder. This hardness is the highest of any of the MAX phases characterized to date. Also in contrast to all MAX phases, cracks extended from the corners of Vickers indents in the FG samples. From these cracks the fracture toughness was estimated and found to increase more or less linearly with load from ≈4 to 6 MPa·m 1/2 as the Vickers force was increased from 50 to 300 N, respectively. The room temperature compressive stress of the FG samples was 1.4±0.2 GPa; the failure mode was brittle. Its Young's modulus—also one of the highest for a M 2 AX phase measured to date—was 316±2 GPa. There was no evidence for incipient kink band formation during simple compression. The latter is attributed, in part, to the fine grain size of the hot‐pressed material.

In this paper we report on the electronic, magnetotransport, thermoelectric, and thermal properties of Ti3Al(C0.5,N0.5)2, Ti2Al(C0.5,N0.5), and Ti2AlN. The electrical conductivities, Hall coefficients, and magnetoresistances are analyzed within a two-band framework and compared with the end members, Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2. The analysis shows that all compounds are compensated conductors with hole and electron carrier densities of about 1.5×1027 m−3. The room temperature thermal conductivities of the carbonitrides are both over ≈50 W/mK, with the phonon contribution of Ti3Al(C0.5,N0.5)2 particularly large at over 35 W/mK. The low-temperature specific heat of Ti3Al(C0.5,N0.5)2 and Ti2Al(C0.5,N0.5) yield Debye temperatures of 685 and 724 K, respectively, comparable to those of the end members.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the usefulness of two interventions in a group rehabilitation medicine setting to determine strategies and exercise guidelines for long-term care of the HIV/AIDS population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). DESIGN: This was a randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of tai chi (TC) and aerobic exercise (EX) on functional outcomes and quality of life (QOL) in patients with AIDS. SETTING: Two outpatient infectious disease clinics in a mid-atlantic state were the setting. SUBJECTS AND INTERVENTION: Thirty-eight (38) subjects with advanced HIV (AIDS) were randomized to one of three groups: TC, EX, or control. Experimental groups exercised twice weekly for 8 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes included QOL as measured by the Medical Outcomes Short Form (MOS-HIV) and Spirituality Well-Being Scale (SWB). Functional measures included the functional reach (FR) for balance, sit and reach (SR) for flexibility, and sit-up (SU) test for endurance. The physical performance test (PPT) was used to determine overall function, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) was used to evaluate psychologic changes. To consider the patients' explanations for these measurements, qualitative data were collected from subjects' journals, focus groups, and nonparticipant observation. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (38) subjects were included in data analysis: 13 in the TC group, 13 in the EX group, and 12 in the control group. Results of analysis of covariance showed significant changes in the exercise groups in overall functional measures (p < 0.001). The MOS-HIV showed a significant difference on the subscale of overall health (p = 0.04). The POMS showed significant main effect for time in confusion-bewilderment (p = 0.000) and tension-anxiety (p = 0.005). Three dominant themes emerged from the qualitative data, including: positive physical changes, enhanced psychologic coping, and improved social interactions. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that TC and EX improve physiologic parameters, functional outcomes, and QOL. Group intervention provides a socialization context for management of chronic HIV disease. This study supports the need for more research investigating the effect of other types of group exercise for this population. This study sets the stage for a larger randomized controlled trial to examine the potential short- and long-term effects of group exercise that may prove beneficial in the management of advanced HIV disease. Further research is warranted to evaluate additional exercise interventions that are accessible, safe, and cost-effective for the HIV population.

Introduction —In some of its aspects hydrology is as old as its foster parents—geography and meteorology. Among the earliest engineering operations of record is the construction of wells, frequently described in the Book of Genesis—an example of applied hydrology. (Some wells of extremely ancient and probably pre‐historic construction are still existent and in service in Arabia. They are fully described in Thomas Ewbank's “Hydraulics and Mechanics,” New York, 1870.) As in the case of geography and meteorology, so also hydrology has been mainly qualitative in character until recently. Only with the beginning of its quantitative development could it be considered that hydrology definitely emerged from the other Earth‐sciences.

The paper focuses on retention in the Rowan University undergraduate engineering program with many “female-friendly” features despite its design as best practices for all students. Both male and female “stayers” in the program are compared to “leavers” on a variety of characteristics, including pre-college and family background, grades, satisfaction with the Rowan program, engineering self-confidence, and future expectations about their engineering major and career. Data come from a special survey of all Rowan engineering students.

Abstract Mature super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are predicted to be ≃ Jovian radius when younger than 10 Myr. Thus, we expect to find 5–15 R ⊕ planets around young stars even if their older counterparts harbor none. We report the discovery and validation of TOI 1227b, a 0.85 ± 0.05 R J (9.5 R ⊕ ) planet transiting a very-low-mass star (0.170 ± 0.015 M ⊙ ) every 27.4 days. TOI 1227's kinematics and strong lithium absorption confirm that it is a member of a previously discovered subgroup in the Lower Centaurus Crux OB association, which we designate the Musca group. We derive an age of 11 ± 2 Myr for Musca, based on lithium, rotation, and the color–magnitude diagram of Musca members. The TESS data and ground-based follow-up show a deep (2.5%) transit. We use multiwavelength transit observations and radial velocities from the IGRINS spectrograph to validate the signal as planetary in nature, and we obtain an upper limit on the planet mass of ≃0.5 M J . Because such large planets are exceptionally rare around mature low-mass stars, we suggest that TOI 1227b is still contracting and will eventually turn into one of the more common &lt;5 R ⊕ planets.

A transiting rocky planet 8 parsecs away Most exoplanets have been detected using either the radial velocity (RV) method or the transit method, which provide only limited information on the planet's physical properties. In the rare cases in which both methods detect the same planet, the combination determines the planet's mass, radius, and density. Trifonov et al. identified a planet, Gliese 486 b, using both RV and transit data. The host star is a red dwarf only 8 parsecs away, making this one of the closest exoplanet systems known. A rocky super-Earth, Gliese 486 b has an equilibrium surface temperature of 700 kelvin. The authors say that it is observationally favorable for searches for an atmosphere. Science , this issue p. 1038

OBJECTIVE: Several prominent guidelines recommend that patients on long-term opioid therapy have periodic urine drug monitoring (UDM) for appropriate use; however, none address the specific questions of which patients to test, which substances to test for, how often to test, and how to act on the results. DESIGN: In the absence of adequate scientific evidence in the literature, a panel of experts in the field of pain and addiction medicine was convened to develop consensus UDM recommendations. The panel met three times between March 2010 and April 2011, and reviewed several drafts of the recommendations document between meetings. RESULTS: The group was able to achieve consensus on a set of UDM recommendations addressing test selection, test frequency, interpretation of results, and how to handle discrepancies based on specific results. CONCLUSION: While the participating panel members recognize that there currently is a limited evidence base to support the expert panel's recommendations, primary care providers and pain specialists are largely acting today based on anecdote, intuition, and individual experience. The recommendations are meant to begin to provide a framework for standardizing practices for UDM in the treatment of chronic pain, and to serve as a catalyst to advance research that quantifies the effects of UDM on opioid therapy management and patient outcomes.

BACKGROUND: As a number of vaccines for COVID-19 are given emergency use authorization by local health agencies and are being administered in multiple countries, it is crucial to gain public trust in these vaccines to ensure herd immunity through vaccination. One way to gauge public sentiment regarding vaccines for the goal of increasing vaccination rates is by analyzing social media such as Twitter. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research was to understand public sentiment toward COVID-19 vaccines by analyzing discussions about the vaccines on social media for a period of 60 days when the vaccines were started in the United States. Using the combination of topic detection and sentiment analysis, we identified different types of concerns regarding vaccines that were expressed by different groups of the public on social media. METHODS: To better understand public sentiment, we collected tweets for exactly 60 days starting from December 16, 2020 that contained hashtags or keywords related to COVID-19 vaccines. We detected and analyzed different topics of discussion of these tweets as well as their emotional content. Vaccine topics were identified by nonnegative matrix factorization, and emotional content was identified using the Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner sentiment analysis library as well as by using sentence bidirectional encoder representations from transformer embeddings and comparing the embedding to different emotions using cosine similarity. RESULTS: After removing all duplicates and retweets, 7,948,886 tweets were collected during the 60-day time period. Topic modeling resulted in 50 topics; of those, we selected 12 topics with the highest volume of tweets for analysis. Administration and access to vaccines were some of the major concerns of the public. Additionally, we classified the tweets in each topic into 1 of the 5 emotions and found fear to be the leading emotion in the tweets, followed by joy. CONCLUSIONS: This research focused not only on negative emotions that may have led to vaccine hesitancy but also on positive emotions toward the vaccine. By identifying both positive and negative emotions, we were able to identify the public's response to the vaccines overall and to news events related to the vaccines. These results are useful for developing plans for disseminating authoritative health information and for better communication to build understanding and trust.

Abstract The detection and characterization of young planetary systems offer a direct path to study the processes that shape planet evolution. We report on the discovery of a sub-Neptune-sized planet orbiting the young star HD 110082 (TOI-1098). Transit events we initially detected during TESS Cycle 1 are validated with time-series photometry from Spitzer. High-contrast imaging and high-resolution, optical spectra are also obtained to characterize the stellar host and confirm the planetary nature of the transits. The host star is a late-F dwarf ( M ⋆ = 1.2 M ⊙ ) with a low-mass, M dwarf binary companion ( M ⋆ = 0.26 M ⊙ ) separated by nearly one arcminute (∼6200 au). Based on its rapid rotation and Lithium absorption, HD 110082 is young, but is not a member of any known group of young stars (despite proximity to the Octans association). To measure the age of the system, we search for coeval, phase-space neighbors and compile a sample of candidate siblings to compare with the empirical sequences of young clusters and to apply quantitative age-dating techniques. In doing so, we find that HD 110082 resides in a new young stellar association we designate MELANGE-1, with an age of Myr. Jointly modeling the TESS and Spitzer light curves, we measure a planetary orbital period of 10.1827 days and radius of R p = 3.2 ± 0.1 R ⊕ . HD 110082 b’s radius falls in the largest 12% of field-age systems with similar host-star mass and orbital period. This finding supports previous studies indicating that young planets have larger radii than their field-age counterparts.