Walsall College

Since the appearance in 1913 of Hofer's critical survey of Ockham's life, a revival of interest in Ockham's non-polemical works has encouraged the publication of monographs and articles to an almost embarrassing extent. Yet in contrast to the energy expended by scholars in this field of research stands their apparent failure to agree upon the order in which Ockham produced them. While Baudry places the Sentence-Commentary after the four logical works and the Physics, Boehmer and Iserlolr reverse the position. Again, Iserloh is persuaded that the Logic followed the Quodlibeta and was written at Avignon between 1234 and 1328, whereas Baudry is of opinion that it was written before 1324 at Oxford: Scholz,” on the other hand, conjectures that the Logic and probably the Quodlibeta were produced at Munich after 1328. In face of these divergent opinions it is difficult to discern upon what principles these scholars have based their conclusions.

S ummary Previous accounts of the chromosome complement of members of the Vicia sativa aggregate and of V. lathyroides are reviewed, and the results of a new survey of 122 strains belonging to four taxa presented. Significant variation in chromosome morphology within each of the three segregates of V. sativa agg. was found; in V. segetalis both 2n = 10 and 2n = 12 was encountered among the cultivated material. In wild V. lathyroides also both 2n = 10 and 2n = 12 populations were found. Reasons are given for considering that this group of vetches shows a reductional evolutionary series 2n = 14 2n = 12 2n = 10, and the inter‐relationships of these three karyotypes are discussed. In addition two counts of 2w = 14 are reported for wild Turkish strains of V. amphicarpa.

This paper presents a test system, designed for the investigation of short circuit arcs related to miniature circuit breakers operating in a 240 V, AC supply. An optical fiber imaging system is used to identify arc root motion, with short circuit current up to 6 kA. Two methods are used to measure contact motion, a noncontact linear position sensor, and the optical fiber array. The optical fiber array uses software image processing to identify the position of the arc roots in the arc chamber. The identification of the arc roots allows for a study of the arc immobility at the initial stages of the event. Results are presented on variation of peak current level and arc runner materials on arc root motion for one geometry. The cathode root motion is shown to dominate the event.

Abstract The leadership challenges facing most headteachers can at times be daunting but for those leading schools in difficulty, the challenges are acute. This article draws upon the personal experience of an executive leader in a school facing difficult circumstances. It will firstly, outline and analyse this model of leadership and secondly, look at how executive leadership can contribute to improvement in a challenging school context. The article concludes that executive leadership is a powerful lever for change when it is able to mobilize and release leadership energy between and across schools. However, it is suggested that securing long-term improvement in schools in difficult circumstances will require much more than system leadership currently offers. It will require deeper, more distributed forms of leadership that connect people together and draw upon the yet untapped and underdeveloped resources for collaboration. Notes 1. It is assumed at the time of writing that the Executive Headship is time limited to a maximum of 3 years.

The paper aims to examine the relationship between social carrying capacity and tourism carrying capacity in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), Nepal (along the popular Annapurna Base Camp Trail). Carrying Capacity is a key indicator in assessing the sustainable tourism development at a given place. The study used Survey Research Design to obtain information from tourist and local residents. From the research, it was evident that the visitors were highly satisfied with the tourism activities, along with conservation and development activities at ACA. Similarly, local residents were satisfied with the development of tourism in ACA, yet they perceived crowding, and congestion, cultural degradation as some impending challenges in the near future. Social Carrying Capacity in the ACA has not exceed its threshold, even though this popular trekking destination has been witnessing robust growth in the number of tourist in the region post armed-conflict (1997-2007). Hypothesis test result indicate that the relationship between dependent variable [Tourism Carrying Capacity (TCC)] and independent variable [Social Carrying Capacity (SCC)] has a positive correlation. Adequate and appropriate management intervention by the Nepal Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC)/Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) there has been well-planned and sustained tourism growth in the region.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine how customer knowledge management (CKM) be implemented in international projects between the UK and China in practice, with a focus on the marketing process application, i.e. how analytical CKM systems are used to support customer knowledge (CK) acquisition. Design/methodology/approach The case study practice of CKM application is based upon examining qualitative results reported from a two‐year study of CKM applications in an UK education service provider. An evaluation of CKM analytical functions provided by the international marketing team from the UK and its China counterparts in international joint education projects. A conceptual model of an analytical CKM system for CKM in this UK‐China environment is developed from the findings and literature review. Findings UK‐China related CKM research is relatively new. Current CKM researches are dominated by Western cases and theories. China related international joint projects in this case study suggest that cultural factors play important roles in successful marketing. Meanwhile, CKM provides key factors in the implementation system. Practical implications The findings shed light on the potential areas in which organisations can practically use CKM in international joint projects. The application of analytical CKM was investigated to build up a CKM model in practice. The paper also provides guidance for the service industry as how an analytical CKM system needs to be developed to support marketing process. Originality/value The latest findings on CKM application in this UK‐China case study are reported. An innovative analytical CKM model is proposed for marketing process, i.e. environmental influences, value specification, solution development and customer development. Key factors, such as knowledge about, for and from customer in CKM are examined.

Increasing numbers of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures involving radioisotopes are being conducted. The most common procedures include thallium scans for myocardial perfusion, ventilation perfusion lung scans, bone scans, iodine uptake scans, and radioactive iodine as treatment for thyroid disorders. For thyrotoxicosis, for example, 10 000 patients received radioactive iodine ( 131 I) treatment in one year in the United Kingdom alone. 1 Such procedures make patients temporarily radioactive and can be an important cause of false alarms at airports by activating radiation detectors. Doctors show a worrying lack of awareness about such potential problems. As a result, patients receiving radioactive isotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes are not adequately warned about persisting radioactivity and precautions that need to be taken. 2 We report a case that further highlights this problem.

The object of this work has been to obtain agreement between the existing theory of tube drawing with a plug, and experimental results, and thus to be able to predict the behaviour of the metal when conditions of drawing are altered. As the basis of theoretical study Sachs's approximate theory has been chosen, and mild steel containing 012 per cent carbon has been used as the test material. The use of the theory requires the knowledge of the true mean yield stress of the metal undergoing plastic deformation, as well as that of the value of the coefficient of friction. The method of establishing those two quantities is discussed in detail. Drawing stresses are calculated and it is shown that close overall agreement exists between theory and practice and that, therefore, the mathematical formulae can be used with confidence. The components of the total work done in drawing a tube are determined and discussed, and the adverse effect of sink on the magnitude of redundant work is indicated.

BACKGROUND: Referrals to ophthalmology are predominantly made from general practitioners (GPs) and optometrists. These two groups of referrers receive differing types and levels of training and are equipped with different instrumentation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the quality of referrals to the hospital eye service (HES) differs between GPs and optometrists in Walsall. METHODS: Referrals into the HES were identified from Q1 2014 retrospectively until 1000 notes had been reached. Each record was scrutinized using a standard template. Data were analysed and summary statistics produced including positive predictive values and interobserver agreement. RESULTS: We achieved our target of auditing 1000 records. The false-positive rate (patients being discharged from HES with a 'normal vision' diagnosis) was 7.7% of referrals from GPs and 6.2% of referrals from optometrists. Concordance between referred condition and diagnosed condition at HES between optometrists and ophthalmologists was 76.1%, and between GPs and ophthalmologists was 67.2%. CONCLUSIONS: In view of findings from this study, it is important for commissioners in the new reconfigured National Health Service to ensure that enhanced ophthalmic services are commissioned only on the basis of hard evidence sourced from local data rather than opinion or on data from another geographical area.

The nature of leadership and management in a school are key to achieving high-quality education for all pupils. Leadership theories and empirical research have sought to identify characteristics of leaders, aspects of the context in which they work and their relationships with others to identify features of successful school leadership. This article reports on findings from a study into outstanding leadership in primary education using Q-methodology. The perceptions of head teachers, deputy head teachers, governors and academics with personal experience of leadership in English primary schools were gathered using Q-sort and analysed with PQ software. Overall, the analysis identified very strong agreement over six statements from a Q-set of 23 statements of outstanding leadership. There were subtle differences between urban and rural school settings.

Lymphoedema is often unrecognised by both health professionals and patients. In addition, its impact is often underestimated. This article discusses how to recognise the condition, the consequences of misdiagnosis, reducing or preventing complications and various treatment options.

Poor air quality is the largest environmental health risk in England. In the West Midlands, UK, ∼2.9 million people are affected by air pollution with an average loss in life expectancy of up to 6 months. The 2021 Environment Act established a legal framework for local authorities in England to develop regional air quality plans, generating a policy need for predictive environmental impact assessment tools. In this context, we developed a novel Air Quality Lifecourse Assessment Tool (AQ-LAT) to estimate electoral ward-level impacts of PM2.5 and NO2 exposure on outcomes of interest to local authorities, namely morbidity (asthma, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, lung cancer), mortality, and associated healthcare costs. We apply the Tool to assess the health economic burden of air pollutant exposure and estimate benefits that would be generated by meeting WHO 2021 Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) (annual average concentrations) for NO2 (10 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (5 μg/m3) in the West Midlands Combined Authority Area. All West Midlands residents live in areas which exceed WHO AQGs, with 2070 deaths, 2070 asthma diagnoses, 770 CHD diagnoses, 170 lung cancers and 650 strokes attributable to air pollution exposure annually. Reducing PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations to WHO AQGs would save 10,700 lives reducing regional mortality by 1.8%, gaining 92,000 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and preventing 20,500 asthma, 7400 CHD, 1400 lung cancer, and 5700 stroke diagnoses, with economic benefits of £3.2 billion over 20 years. Significantly, we estimate 30% of QALY gains relate to reduced disease burden. The AQ-LAT has major potential to be replicated across local authorities in England and applied to inform regional investment decisions.

An empirical study of sociology leaching in a large English comprehensive school is reported which focuses on pupils' perspectives and the hidden curriculum of the sociology classroom. The concept of hidden curriculum is briefly discussed and specifically related to the sociology classroom. Hidden curriculum is seen to be important to attempts to articulate both macro and micro analyses within the sociology of education. Utilizing both structural and interactionist concepts of the hidden curriculum, this empirical study asks to what extent sociology in the school either provided an “oppositional” curriculum or simply became part of “normal school” for its pupils, not therefore noticeably different from other subjects or noticeably more relevant to the world outside the classroom. The study indicates something of the difficulties teachers face in attempting to deviate from the hidden curriculum of the status quo, and concludes that for most students sociology lessons have formed part of their “normal school.” A series of questions are presented in conclusion which may be faced by teachers about classroom teaching and the hidden curriculum.

INTRODUCTION: We have previously reported rates of diagnosis of male hypogonadism in United Kingdom (UK) general practices. We aimed to identify factors associated with testosterone prescribing in UK general practice. METHODS: We determined for 6741 general practices in England, the level of testosterone prescribing in men and the relation between volume of testosterone prescribing and (1) demographic characteristics of the practice, (2) % patients with specific comorbidities and (3) national GP patient survey results. RESULTS: The largest volume (by prescribing volume) agents were injectable preparations at a total cost in the 12-month period 2018/19 of £8,172,519 with gel preparations in second place: total cost £4,795,057. Transdermal patches, once the only alternative to testosterone injections or implants, were little prescribed: total cost £222,022. The analysis accounted for 0.27 of the variance in testosterone prescribing between general practices. Thus, most of this variance was not accounted for by the analysis. There was a strong univariant relation (r = .95, P < .001) between PDE5-I prescribing and testosterone prescribing. Other multivariant factors independently linked with more testosterone prescribing were as follows: HIGHER proportion of men with type 2 diabetes(T2DM) on target control (HbA1c ≤ 58 mmol/mol) and HIGHER overall practice rating on the National Patient Survey for good experience, while non-white ethnicity and socio-economic deprivation were associated with less testosterone prescribing. There were a number of comorbidity factors associated with less prescribing of testosterone (such as T2DM, hypertension and stroke/TIA). CONCLUSION: = 0.27) to factors that we can define. This suggests that variation in amount of testosterone prescribed is largely related to general practitioner choice/other factors not studied and may be amenable to measures to increase knowledge/awareness of male hypogonadism, with implications for men's health.

Editor,—Spahr and colleagues recently published a case series which described the poor response of a haemorrhage from gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) to portal decompression by insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) ( Gut 1999; 44 :739–742). However, the authors' claim that this indicates the absence of a relation between GAVE and portal hypertension is seriously flawed. The failure of this condition to respond to portal decompression cannot exclude a primary role for portal hypertension in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Furthermore, this study would have been more informative if aortoportography—that is, superior mesenteric and splenic angiography with venous phase imaging, had been performed in order to determine the pattern of portosystemic shunting before and after TIPS insertion. The authors have not addressed the question of whether portosystemic shunts supply the vascular lesions of GAVE; it would have been helpful if …

Purpose In this paper we explore the gendered ways in which academic staff resistance and compliance is configured in a post-1992 University in England, including the emotions implicated in the navigation of neo-liberalisation and research intensification of their academic institution and its associated disciplinarian mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach We draw on data from an interview study of a diverse sample of 32 academics of different gender, discipline and academic grade. Analysis informed by a feminist post-structuralist framework of power and discourse explored different forms of academic resistance and compliance; how the embodied academic subject was (re)negotiated within gendered discourses of neo-liberal research excellence and managerialism and the gendered emotions generated in processes of resistance and compliance. Findings Institutional change and expectations to engage with research performativity generated fear, anxiety and anger. Female staff appeared to actively resist the masculinized research subject performing all hours work and individualism in the context of private and institutional gendered relations and labour. Male staff though actively resisted the feminization of higher education and the neo-liberal instrumentalization of caring and therapeutic cultures and ideologically resisted the surveillance mechanisms of higher education including the REF. Research limitations/implications Our work contributes to scholarship problematizing the assumed neutrality of resistance and compliance and highlighting women’s symbolic struggle to (dis)identify with a masculine professional norm. In terms of theorising academic resistance to neo-liberalism and identity construction, further attention should be given to the mobilization and symbolic capital of academics and emotions positioned differently due to their gender and intersecting differences. Originality/value Our study addresses a gap in the scholarship of academic resistance and compliance by advancing the understanding of gender inequalities and emotions implicated in the process of resistance and compliance against neo-liberalism.

Abstract The occurrence of poor patient care is emerging as one of the most significant, challenging, and critical issues confronting contemporary nursing and those responsible for the provision of health care more generally. Indeed, as a consequence of the increased recognition of the manner in which nurses can be implicated in the occurrence of poor patient care, there has been sustained critical debate that seeks to understand how such healthcare failings can occur and, in particular, why nurses seemingly fail to intervene, raise concerns, and effectively respond to prevent the occurrence and continuation of such poor patient care. In seeking to contribute to this critical discussion, and in contrast to those “situational explanations” that maintain that the failure to raise concerns is a consequence of the contextual factors and challenging conditions to which nurses can be subject in the clinical setting, this paper will provide a resolutely philosophical analysis of that failure. In particular, it will draw upon the work of Jean‐Paul Sartre—the French philosopher generally regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century—in order to propose that his work can be productively recontextualized to provide a detailed, challenging, and provocative critical analysis of the occurrence and continuation of poor patient care and the role of individual nurse practitioners in such healthcare failings.

one sheet of A4 paper for all the exercises in this lesson.

Turn up 7 single-line spaces