West Ural Institute of Economics and Law

(2009). Macrophyte responses to water level fluctuation in Fennoscandinavian Lakes — Applying a common index. SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010: Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 765-769.

The methods and means of controlling residual stresses in locomotive tires, developed on the basis of acoustoelasticity and involving electromagnetic acoustic transformation, are described. The original results of ultrasonic control of residual stresses in tires in the manufacture of wheel pairs for locomotives are given.

Abstract. There is a wide range of article and literature in agricultural sciences, but only a few review of existing studies has systematically analyzed and visualized the trends in agricultural research. This study reviews agricultural research mainly published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2013 to 2018 with the scientometric analysis. The main hot Research Fronts mainly cover research on plant-gene regulatory networks and genome editing; crop disease and pest control; food nutrition and safety; photosynthesis; plant rhizosphere microbial community; immunity of aquatic animals; and forest tree cultivation. The analysis covers 325 966 scientific research in General Agricultural and Biological Sciences in online tool SciVal (Scopus). Most frequently occurred keywords indexed in the research area are patients, cells, humans. Three subject area were identified with the combination of cluster analysis with VosViewer: „Medicine“, „Biochemistry, Genetic and Molecular Biology“, „Engineering“. Nearly half the papers (49,3 %) were published by the following three countries: the United States, China and the United Kingdom. Russia's contribution to the global ranking is 1,8 %. The most popular journals by average number of publication produced in the United Kingdom. Web of Science data analyzed with a tool InCites. The analysis covers 141 010 papers in categories „Agricultural Economics & Policy“, „Agricultural Engineering“, „Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science“, „Agriculture, Multidisciplinary“. Сompilation of bibliometric maps allows to identify the commonly used keywords: evidence, pretreatment, cattle, growth. Four research themes were identified with the combination of cluster analysis: „Material Science Multidisciplinary“, „Biochemistry and Molecular Biology“, „Engineering Electrical Electronic“, „Chemistry, Physical“. In the Web of Science, the most cited journals have been taken by the company „Elsiever“. The study revealed that the Scopus is a more developed database on the direction of agriculture. The potential of Russian journals is determined by sampling journals in the RSCI by the number of citations. This review provides an in-depth understanding of existing agricultural trends in this research domain.

(2002). Notes on the ecology of the common reed in Lake Paijanne, Finland. SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 586-590.

Abstract. The purpose is the analysis of the current state and prospects for expanding the geography and nomenclature of organic exports from the Ural-Siberian region. Methods. Commodity and country analysis of exports of agro-industrial products from Russia over the past few years based on data from the Federal Customs Service of Russia. Evaluation of data on the dynamics of income from the export of agricultural products from Russia in comparison with income from the export of weapons and other non-primary goods. Assessment of the planned prospects for a multiple increase in export revenue for many commodity items until 2030. A grouping was made by the main importing countries of agricultural products from Russia, where China, Turkey and Kazakhstan are in the top three, and the Ural region, where the TOP 3 importers look different: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and China. The grouping of the main export products in the agro-industrial sector was also carried out, where the Urals nomenclature of export agricultural products differs markedly from the all-Russian one. There has been a significant increase in the share of organic products in the global food market. The data of the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) on organic certification of agricultural land in the world are presented. The authors analyze the rapid growth of the organic products market in China and its features in the regulatory regulation of organic food production. The role of agro-industrial exports for the implementation of national development projects of the Russian Federation until 2030 is revealed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the analysis of the rapid growth of the market for organic products outside the traditional area of their consumption in the West at the expense of developing economies in Asia (primarily China) and the features and differences in the regulatory regulation of organic food production in China, compared with the European Union and the United States. The role of agro-industrial exports in solving the broader tasks of implementing national development projects of the Russian Federation until 2030 is also revealed. The practical results of the work are the substantiation of the thesis that the development of new export directions and modern logistics technologies will allow exporters of organic agricultural products in the Ural region to significantly increase the volume and profitability of exports. The article substantiates the need for exporters of the Ural region to use the Transcaspian route of the International Transport Corridor “North – South” and logistics technologies of “agroexpress” and container trains to gain competitive advantages over suppliers of the South of Russia and the Far East, located closer to ports and border crossings.

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate creative innovative technologies for personnel management of agricultural enterprises in the context of macroeconomic instability and uncertainty. The object of the study. The development of innovative technologies is an important condition for the formation of creative management of the personnel of enterprises. In the context of the transition to a new technological structure and the modern scientific and industrial revolution, fundamentally new technologies for human resource management arise and develop. Modern society is a society of a new type, a “risk society” (W. Beck). Therefore, creative management includes not only innovative approaches to solving the problems of personnel policy, but also new technologies for working with risks. In the context of growing macroeconomic instability and uncertainty, creative personnel management is a risk-oriented practice of recruiting, placing and organizing the work of specialists, developing their professional qualities. Methods. The study used the methods of structural-functional, program-target and comparative analysis. The subject of the research is new technologies of risk-oriented creative personnel management of agricultural enterprises. The object of the research is the personnel management system as an integral element of the system of social and labor relations. Results. The main factors of macroeconomic instability and uncertainty are identified. A detailed classification of existing personnel risks is given. The features are revealed and the practice of new technologies of personnel management is analyzed (blockchain, crowdstaffing, crowdfunding, crowdsourcing, etc.). The difficulties of adapting creative technologies of personnel management to modern conditions are shown. The thesis about the expediency of developing the practice of labor self-government at modern enterprises is argued. Scientific novelty. The author's interpretation of the essence of creative personnel management is formulated and reasoned, and its difference from innovative management is revealed. Shown is the most important manifestation of the creativity of personnel management associated with the management of personnel risks in the context of macroeconomic instability.

The article analyzes the dynamics of the permanent population of Russia in the period from 2018 to 2024 based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service. The main demographic challenges, such as population decline, increased emigration and population aging, as well as their impact on the economy and social sphere of the country are considered. The study pays attention to regional differences in the demographic situation, as well as factors influencing the population decline. Particular attention is paid to government support measures aimed at stabilizing the demographic situation, including measures to stimulate the birth rate, reduce emigration and support the labor market. Based on the analysis of statistical data, key trends in Russia's demographic policy are identified, recommendations are proposed to reduce the negative consequences of the demographic decline and improve the socio-economic situation in the country. The work emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to solving demographic problems and the need to take long-term measures to ensure the sustainable development of the country.

Business planning in management accounting is one of the directions of forming a set of actions and events that should be implemented in the near future. The construction of sports facilities is socially significant and necessary for the development of society.When developing a business idea (startup) and forming a business plan in management accounting for the construction of sports facilities, one of the main components is an organizational plan and an assessment of construction risks. Business planning in management accounting should be aimed at solving both current tasks and for the future.The organizational business planning plan should be based on monitoring indicators and relevant facts. Construction risk assessment is necessary for rapid response and management decision-making. It is concluded that management accounting in the management system of an organization in the preparation of business planning is a research tool for the development of business ideas (startups), taking into account external and internal risks.

Abstract. In conditions of macroeconomic instability and growing risks, the role of technical service in the work of agricultural enterprises is significantly increasing. There are qualitative changes in the functioning of technical services due to the transition to a new technological structure and the modern digital economy. The role and importance of technical and technological services is increasing at the present stage in connection with the transition from lean production - to the model of “fast-reacting production”. The article notes that the deterioration of the quality of the ecological environment, accelerated depreciation of fixed assets, the wear of which reaches 70 % or more, have a negative impact on the development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). The solution to these problems is based on the modernization of industries and the intensification of agricultural production, which is characterized by additional investment of labor and funds per unit of land area. In this area, a number of important problems related to the reorganization of maintenance, its financing, informatization, digitalization, etc., have become aggravated in recent years. The efficiency of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex largely depends on the solution of these problems at the present stage. The purpose of the study is to analyze and assess the current state of the field of technical and technological services for agricultural enterprises and the prospects for its further development. The most important condition for improving this block of the reproduction process in the agro-industrial complex is the increase in state funding and its effective targeted distribution in specific areas of innovative development. The results of the study are to identify the lack of inclusion of maintenance in the plans for innovation activities of agricultural enterprises, in connection with which recommendations are proposed to remedy the situation (creation of own technical and technological maps for the development of agricultural enterprises and the intellectualization of its material and technical services). Methods used: analysis and synthesis, comparison and observation. The scientific novelty is the analysis of indicative financial planning and a flexible system of targeted budgeting of production assignments for servicing agricultural enterprises.

Abstract. The agricultural sector faces challenges exacerbated by global trends such as climate change, market fluctuations and increased international competition. These factors require adaptation and implementation of new technologies to minimize the negative impact on yields and production stability. The importance of sustainable development of the agricultural sector is due to its role in ensuring food security and environmental stability. This requires management flexibility, innovation and collaboration with local communities and government to ensure sustainable development and socio-economic well-being. The purpose of this article is to analyze modern approaches to managing the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises, as well as assessing their effectiveness in the context of globalization. Methods. The article uses methods of analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, as well as case studies from various countries. This made it possible to generalize the experience of applying various strategies and practices for managing sustainable development. Scientific novelty lies in the development and application of a multidisciplinary methodological framework that integrates economic, environmental and social aspects to assess the effectiveness of existing management models in the agricultural sector in the context of globalization. An integrated approach includes analysis of indicators such as enterprise profitability, level of environmental impact and degree of social responsibility. Results. The main results are to identify the most effective modern approaches to managing sustainable development, which take into account the specifics of the agricultural sector and global economic trends. The article concludes that the integration of innovative technologies, increasing environmental responsibility and strengthening international cooperation are key factors for successfully managing the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises in modern conditions.

Abstract. The purpose is to form strategic guidelines for socio-economic growth of the quality of life and ensuring the quality of nutrition of the population. Methodology and methods. In the course of the study, both general and universal methods were used (sociological survey, ranking, systematization, classification and interpretation, analysis and synthesis), including the method of comparison in the development and justification of the relationship of life quality indicators with the quality of nutrition and the tasks of ensuring food security of Russia. Results. The article considers the evolution of approaches to the level and quality of life where the role and importance of a person in sustainable socio-economic development comes to the fore. The analysis of the approaches used by the international community to assess the quality of life made it possible to correlate indicators and indicators to the category of nutrition quality, as well as to build a relationship with the criteria and objectives of food security in Russia, enshrined in the Doctrine. The authors conducted a sociological survey among the urban and rural working-age population of the Sverdlovsk region to identify factors that form the conditions of the quality of life and the quality of nutrition. The scientific novelty consists in identifying and constructing a classification of the relationship between the criteria of the quality of life and the quality of nutrition with the tasks of food security in Russia. And also in the formation of an evidence base for the dependence of structural indicators of the level and quality of life in the hierarchy of values of a household and an individual.

2024 marks the 250th anniversary of the birth of the famous Russian statesman, Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire (1823–1844) E.F. Kankrina. His views and the nature of the financial (monetary) reform he carried out still arouse keen interest among many researchers due to their certain consonance with the modern situation, growing macroeconomic uncertainty and financial tension in the country and in the world. At the moment, there is no consensus in assessing the views of E.F. Kankrin and their attribution, as well as in assessments of the content, nature and consequences of the financial (monetary) reform of 1839–1844. Thus, the question of further study of the ideas of E.F. Kankrin and the historical experience of this reform seems relevant and timely. In the article, the subject of research is the monetary aspect of the reform of E.F. Kankrin, the object of study is financial reform in general. The study used historical-retrospective, historical-genetic and hermeneutic, program-target and structural-functional methods for studying problematic issues in the history of economic science. Study of the views of E.F. Kankrin and the implementation of his reforms in the field of monetary circulation is based on the works of the author himself, as well as on a wide range of publications published at different times. It was established that in the process of implementing the reform E.F. Kankrin gradually changed his theoretical and economic views and used various elements of different theoretical concepts. At the same time, the cameralistic nature of the reform turned out to be reduced to the simple replacement of old monetary instruments (banknotes and deposit notes) with new ones (credit notes) and to the redemption of silver coins from individuals and legal entities to the state treasury. This was a certain limitation of the reform, which ultimately led to an excessive issue of banknotes, their depreciation and a new round of inflation in the country.

Abstract. Fruits and vegetables play an important role in the human diet. The purpose of the study is to analyze statistical data on the production of agricultural products and the reasons for low consumer satisfaction with the quality of fruits and vegetables and services of the SberMarket online service and develop corrective actions in the system product quality. Research methods are analysis, observation, consumer surveys and quality management approaches to reduce the number of consumer complaints about the quality of products and services. The dynamics of agricultural production in general and crop production, in particular, in Russia from 2013 to 2020 is analyzed, namely, production volumes in actual prices, the gross harvest of potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as the share fruit and vegetable products by produced category of farms . In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, there have been major changes in the fruit and vegetable market, in particular, the sale of goods and fruits and vegetables to certain groups of the population was carried out through online trading services. LLC “Instamart-Servis” (SberMarket) provided customer service through a website and a mobile application in one hundred and thirty-four Russian cities in partnership with the METRO Cash & Carry shopping center chain, as well as with thirty unother stores. The satisfaction of consumers with the quality of products and services of the “SberMarket” online service and with trading enterprises of the city of Ekaterinburg in 2020 and 2021 was studied. Results. The dynamics of economic indicators made it possible to identify trends and opportunities for the development of agricultural production in the country; during the coronavirus pandemic, online trading played an important role in providing consumers with high-quality fruit and vegetable products, however, data from a survey of two hundred and thirty consumers of the “SberMarket” online service made it possible to identify insufficient satisfaction with the quality of products and services, determine the causes of inconsistencies and develop recommendations for improving product quality and services of the “SberMarket” online service. Scientific novelty. The possibilities of increasing the volume of fruit and vegetable production under the conditions of Western sanctions are revealed, both through investment in infrastructure and through the expansion of consumer cooperation to consolidate the fruit and vegetable market with private households, also the necessity of using methodological approaches of quality management to identify the causes of quality inconsistencies and the development of corrective actions in order to increase consumer satisfaction with the quality of products and services of the SberMarket online service, in accordance with the requirements of GOST R ISO 9001-2015, is substantiated.

Ombudsman emerged in the 18th century in Sweden, which can be considered primarily an Anglo-Saxon geography in the world history. After this, especially II. It has been implemented in different states on all continents of the world since World War II. From this perspective ombudsman is a complaint resolution authority that is implemented in almost all countries in our contemporary world. As a matter of fact, ombudsman is a legal authority that accepts complaints from the public regarding public administration problems in a state. Therefore, it is an important mechanism of justice and human rights in contemporary societies. It is also decisive in improving the quality of democracy. As a matter of fact, such institutions were intensively active in the former Turkish-Islamic states, the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. These mechanisms have become the basic institutions of seeking rights and making complaints, working almost like ombudsman. These institutions also maintained their characteristics as basic state organs that assist the government. As division of labor and specialization has increased in today's states, institutions that strive for rights have also turned to their own fields.The aim of this study is to reveal ombudsman-like structures in the mentioned period and relate them to ombudsman. The method of the study is literature review based on qualitative analysis. Keywords: Old Turkish Islamic States, Ottoman Empire, Turkey, Ombudsman, Seeking Rights, Literature Review JEL Codes: H83, D73

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of non-microbial fermentation conditions (temperature and duration) on the garlic darkening process. Objectives: to determine the effect of temperature and duration of garlic fermentation on the intensity of its darkening, as well as the accumulation of 5-hydroxy-methylfurfural as a key intermediate of the Maillard reaction. The object of the study is common garlic of the Dobrynya variety. To obtain black garlic, the heads were cleaned of the upper several contaminated layers of the husk, placed in a desiccator with water to maintain constant humidity during fermentation and prevent drying of the samples at high fermentation temperatures. The desiccator was placed in a dry-air adjustable thermostat and garlic was fermented at 60; 70; 80 and 90 °C for 12–60 days. The process of garlic darkening during fermentation can be divided into three stages: initiation of the darkening process (the first 3–6 days of fermentation); intensive development of the darkening process (from 6 to 15 days) and completion of the darkening process (within 3–40 days). The appearance of black garlic obtained by fermentation at 60 °C was unsatisfactory, with individual drops of water under the husk, which may lead to microbiological contamination during storage of such a product. Fermentation of garlic at 90 °C resulted in a solid product with a distinct smell and taste of burning. The amount of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural increases in all samples of fermented garlic regardless of temperature, but the reaction rate was higher at higher temperatures. Heating at 80 and 90 °C led to a significant increase in the rate of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation and contributed to obtaining a product of a favorable black color with shine, however, the taste characteristics of these samples were less preferable compared to samples fermented at 60 and 70 °C, since they had an unpleasant bitter taste of burnt sugar.

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate theoretical and methodological approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “organic food” and its use in economic practice. The objectives of the study are: to determine the essence and content of the concept of “organic food”; assessment of the practice of its use in labeling; identifying its inherent internal contradictions and its relationship with other terms (“bioproduct”, “ecologically clean product”, “natural product”, etc.). Methods. Methods of expert-analytical, program-targeted, structural-functional, systemic, comparative, morphological and comparative analysis and evaluation of the concepts of “environmentally friendly products”, “bioproducts” and “organic food” were used. Scientific novelty consists in identifying and critically analyzing the causes and consequences of contradictions regarding the practice of using the label “organic food” and substantiating the need for their adjustment in accordance with the National Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. The theoretical and methodological significance of the study lies in the clarification and definition of the necessary scientific approaches to the categorical apparatus in the field of food issues. The practical significance of the study is determined by the real nature of consumer demand for “environmentally safe food” and consists in the possibility of using the proposed recommendations to improve such safety and further develop a culture of consumption.

Abstract. In the context of the development of digital technologies and the increasing number of internet users worldwide, internet marketing becomes a powerful tool for attracting and retaining the target audience. For rural areas, the application of internet marketing can significantly enhance the attractiveness and accessibility of agritourism destinations and offerings. Purpose of article is to identify effective internet marketing methods for stimulating agritourism in rural areas. Methods. The study employs analytical and empirical methods, including a review and analysis of existing internet marketing methods such as SEO, content marketing, social media, and email marketing, and their adaptation to agritourism. The study also includes the analysis of successful cases and provides practical recommendations for integrating internet marketing into the development strategy of agritourism. Results. Strategies are identified for creating unique and attractive tourism products that meet the demands of modern tourists and support the sustainable development of rural areas. The study examines aspects of content development that reflect the uniqueness and authenticity of rural regions, including the creation of visual and textual materials, videos, and virtual tours. Special attention is given to the role of social media in promoting agritourism products, which allows for direct communication with potential tourists, creating a loyal community, and improving the reputation of tourism destinations. The impact of reviews and ratings on tourists' decision-making is also analyzed, and methods for managing online reputation are proposed. Scientific novelty. The article presents a new concept for integrating internet marketing into agritourism, which can become a valuable contribution to the practices of regional management structures and entrepreneurs. Unique approaches to the creation and promotion of agritourism products are considered, the importance of integrating Internet marketing into the overall strategy for the development of agritourism in rural areas is emphasized, which helps attract more tourists, support local communities, create jobs and preserve cultural heritage. Special attention is given to the use of data analytics and offer personalization to increase tourist engagement and improve their experience.

Abstract China’s political economy and governance model cannot be understood through Western concepts of constitutional authority, legal emergency powers, or market-based liquidity. This paper develops a four-layer analytical framework—structural imbalance, liquidity coordination, administrative intervention, and cybernetic information governance—to describe China’s sovereignty architecture as a continuous, permanently activated mode of state power. The analysis situates China within a global typology of five sovereignty forms and extends Francis Fukuyama’s sequence logic into the operational domain of finance, administration, and information in the 21st century.

Formation of new approaches to personnel management in companies that bring new technologies, products and other innovations to our world is becoming an important task of the modern company management system. Researchers are trying to rethink different control systems and find those methods and technologies that will be effective in the new reality. Among such attempts we can single out Lalu theory, who "painted" companies in different colors and determined the characteristics of multicolored organizations. Among these colors Lalu singles out the "turquoise" companies that appear in new realities more and more often. The article presents the author's view of the processes of personnel management in turquoise companies. The vision is based on the analysis of the features and characteristics of similar companies. An idea has been formed about the image of the company's employees who can be effective in such companies. Ideas on methods and tools for working with personnel are formulated.

Abstract This paper introduces the concept of operative coding to explain how formal status is translated into material movement or immobilisation across financial and logistical systems. Operative coding is defined as the enforcement architecture that converts documentary classifications — insurance status, flag registry, payment access, sanctions designation, and port clearance — into physical outcomes such as circulation, blockage, rerouting, or exclusion. The paper develops the concept through four comparative cases: Suez 1956, Iran 2012–2015, Russia 2022–present, and the Iran–Hormuz crisis of 2026. It argues that the decisive mechanism in Hormuz was not a classical blockade but the breakdown and selective reconstitution of insurability. This revealed a missing transmission layer between geopolitical decision and economic effect: ships did not stop because they were physically destroyed, but because the infrastructure that made movement legible, insurable, and financeable fractured under stress. From this, the paper derives the coding paradox: each weaponisation of infrastructural control accelerates the emergence of circumvention architectures that weaken the long-run coercive capacity of the system deploying it. In Hormuz 2026, this paradox entered a new phase. The crisis produced not only erosion, but oscillation between extension and exit: some actors sought to prolong dollar-centred infrastructure through regulated stablecoins and new settlement rails, while others moved toward shadow fleets, bilateral passage regimes, gold, and non-dollar settlement. Operative coding is therefore presented as the circulation-side complement to Constitutional Liquidity Power. Together, these concepts help explain how contemporary sovereignty operates through coded infrastructures that act faster than democratic authorisation and often reshape the order they are meant to defend.