Wiener - Anspach Foundation

After a Facebook rebellion in Egypt and Twitter protests in Turkey, the internet has been proclaimed as a globe-shifting, revolutionizing force that can incite complex social phenomena such as collect

This article contributes to the debate on the functions and limits of cross-border punishment. It uses two existing Framework Decisions as case studies, namely on Transfer of Prisoners (2008/909) and on Transfer of Probationers (2008/947). These texts include promoting the rehabilitative function of punishment in cross-border cases among their objectives. However, they have been criticized for not being fit for their purpose and being just an instrument for ‘covert’ deportation of foreign offenders. This article argues that European Union norms on punishment should be assessed considering the broader EU constitutional law framework, which requires EU norms not to compress disproportionately national regulatory autonomy (Article 5 Treaty on European Union). Against this background, it submits that some of the criticisable features of these Framework Decisions are not a neglect of the core objective of offenders’ rehabilitation but, in fact, the result of a legitimate balance with the interest of national regulatory autonomy. In broader terms, this illustrates that the Europeanization of criminal justice can help to ensure the certainty of punishment in transnational cases. Yet, due to some institutional limits, it can also compromise the effective achievement of all its functions.

SCOPUS: ed.j

Cause-related, advocacy, and social movement organizations are increasingly establishing sophisticated web presences that include websites, email lists as well as social media accounts. In Chapter 4, I review the current digital practices of grass-root organizations; their Internet use patterns include information dissemination, community-building, and the promotion of organizational-brokered or crowd-enabled collective actions. Following I discuss how these activities align with the expectations and aspirations of stakeholders who want to engage with a cause or initiative online. Especially information transfer is appreciated by supporters, but does not contribute to their sense of involvement. In conclusion, organizations are advised to diversify their digital campaigns to harness the mobilizing potential of the Internet more efficiently.

L’erreur est ici étudiée au travers de plusieurs disciplines, dont la linguistique, le droit, l’épistémologie et la psychanalyse. Le concept d’erreur est défini et opposé à de multiples phénomènes qui partagent avec lui certains traits, comme le mensonge ou l’illusion (au sens de Freud). La question est soulevée de savoir quel est le statut de l’erreur ; est-ce un mal à éviter ou bien ne peut-on pas plutôt lui trouver une certaine utilité, voire une positivité ? Peut-on s’immuniser contre le risque d’erreur ? Le cas de la théologie et celui du système juridique sont envisagés.

Encore pratiquée au xix e siècle, la littérature néo-latine souffre désormais d’un défaut de légitimité. L’une des raisons de cette perte de crédit réside dans l’émergence d’une conception nouvelle de la langue, qui devient indissociable du peuple qui la parle. Jean Dominique Fuss, poète latin tardif, se bat pour défendre sa langue première d’écriture. Parmi ses cibles, on trouve Nicolas Boileau et Voltaire. Ceux-ci placent l’écrivain néo-latin face à une alternative bien peu réjouissante : bricoler un texte nouveau à partir de morceaux des textes anciens ou renoncer à écrire correctement. Pour revaloriser la production néo-latine, Fuss s’emploie à démontrer, d’une part, que toute langue littéraire est une langue « morte », d’autre part, que l’imitation des Anciens n’empêche en rien l’originalité.

Targeted information retrieval is the most popular type of Internet use. In this chapter I will report research that demonstrated that acquiring information online — political news, real-time information from collective actions, practical information about events, or information about a group’s mission and norms — incites participation in collective actions that take place offline. I will discuss the potential underlying processes of these effects, distinguishing an intrapersonal and an intragroup perspective. Moreover, information that is gathered online can foster offline collective actions by promoting online discussions. I will refer to the impact of weak tie connections and highlight three group-level processes that are likely to be shaped by online interactions. That is, group identities may emerge, identification with these groups might be enhanced, and group identities can be politicized.

This contributed volume reflects several paradigmatic changes that have taken place within First World War studies over the last fifteen years or so. First, the increasingly popular notion of the “Greater War” acknowledges that neither the Armistice of 1918 nor the Paris Peace Conference brought peace to Europe, where the fighting on the vast Eastern front continued into the early twenties. It encapsulates the broadening of both chronological and geographical dimensions of the war beyond the...

pp. 310. INSTAP: Academic Press, 2022. ISBN 978-1931534284, $64.95 (hardcover).

Au mois de janvier 1995, quatorze ans aprs avoir fameusement dclar la crise de l'tat-providence , Pierre Rosanvallon prolongeait son diagnostic par un essai annonant l'avnement d'une Nouvelle question sociale fonde sur l'exclusion plutt que sur l'exploitation . L'ouvrage avait fait date et demeure aujourd'hui une rfrence oblige. Il faut dire que quelques annes aprs la mise en place du Revenu minimum d'insertion (RMI) en 1988, et la veille d'une campagne prsidentielle remporte cette anne-l par un Jacques Chirac surfant au printemps sur le thme de la fracture sociale avant de se heurter, l'automne venu, un mouvement social ingal depuis les grves de mai 1968, le propos de Rosanvallon fixait un certain air du temps. Celui, bien-sr, d'une remise en cause croissante de l'tat social, dont les institutions seraient dsormais inadapte[s] aux transformations de l'conomie (p. 327), mais aussi et peut-tre surtout celui de l'accession de la pauvret au statut de problme public (p. 19) et de la formation d'un consensus politique sur la ncessit de protger les pauvres et les exclus (p. 6). Tel est prcisment l'objet de l'ouvrage de Frdric Viguier, La Cause des pauvres en France, qui s'intresse la gense de cet air du temps et interroge l'cart entre le triomphe de la compassion au tournant des annes 1980-1990 et son usure (p. 6) depuis le dbut des annes 2000.

To conclude the book, I will summarize in the final chapter the key messages and provide an outlook for questions and challenges that ought to be addressed in the future. I discuss the emergence of hybrid action networks, in which formal group s encourage personalized actions to attract previously unengaged individuals for their cause. Moreover, I highlight that the facilitating function of the Internet is restricted by the rate of adoption; especially effects of interactive practices are qualified as only a small proportion of users contribute content online. As a last point, I elaborate on the notion of surveillance and anonymity and speculate whether — as users are more inclined to navigate the Internet anonymously — Internet use continues to amplify mobilizing processes.

The Internet shapes individuals’ repertoires of contention by offering a platform for collective actions such as online petitions or donations. Chapter 3 introduces digital practices that aim to advance a solution to collective struggles, focusing on tactics that are available to all Internet users and that pose low risks. Especially users who lack the resources to join offline actions and supporters who prefer to follow individual action frames may be encouraged to get engaged on the Internet. In the second part of the chapter, I discuss the drawbacks of convenient online collective actions. More precisely, I assess the slacktivism hypothesis which proposes that low-threshold online collective actions foreclose enduring participation. Findings from three experiments endorse this postulation and highlight that quick and easy Internet based collective actions are considered as equally valid and potent as offline engagement.

Ever since it first carried commercial traffic more than 20 years ago, the Internet has been viewed as globe-shifting, revolutionizing even such complex social phenomena as collective actions. In How the Internet Shapes Collective Actions I discuss this claim and review current empirical evidence that highlights how Internet-enabled technologies impact individuals’ action tendencies. The Introduction sets the tone of the book and illustrates the main questions that are addressed in the following chapters. Moreover, I provide a brief chapter outline highlighting three principal avenues along which the Internet shapes collective actions: a) The Internet fosters self-organized and personalized actions, b) it provides a platform for online engagement, and, finally, c) gathering information or participating in discussions on the Internet incites offline collective actions.

Research on collective actions, its underpinnings and dynamics, flourished in the last decades and stimulated contributions from a multitude of disciplines. I commence Chapter 1 by introducing two common conceptualizations of collective actions that emphasize the relevance of a formal group to coordinate and structure collective actions. Following Bennett and Segerberg (2012), the participatory Internet promotes — rather than organization-brokered collective actions — self-organized engagement. More precisely, the Internet allows individuals to access information to develop personal action frames, fostering collective actions that are driven by unique aspirations and not group agendas. In addition, social media platforms may take on the role of cause-related, advocacy, and movement organizations, affording connections and communication between supporters.

Durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, quelques écrivains belges choisissent le parti de la collaboration avec l’occupant et d’autres celui de la Résistance. La collaboration intellectuelle se décline sous diverses formes : collaboration avec la presse embochée, c’est-à-dire publiée sous contrôle et/ou censure allemande ; participation au parti collaborationniste Rex, etc. Dans le camp adverse, certains écrivains prennent principalement part à la résistance armée. Marcel Thiry fait exception en c...