This paper1 describes a program called PROUST which does on- line analysis and understanding of Pascal programs written by novice programmers. PROUST takes as input a program and a non-algorithmic description of the program requirements, and finds the most likely mapping-between the requirements and the code. This mapping is in essence a reconstruction of the design and implementation steps that the programmer went through in writing the program. A knowledge base of programming plans and strategies, together with common bugs associated with them, is used in constructing this mapping. Bugs are discovered in the process of relating plans to the code; PROUST can therefore give deep explanations of program bugs by relating the buggy code to its underlying intentions.