Objective To study the risk management of operating room and to improve operating room efficiency. Methods Firstly, make clear the internal risk management and external regulatory frameworks, organizational principles and their respective functions on the basis of the risk management of operating room. Results The checklist approach was employed for extensive identification and potential risk in operating room, even if the risk could be controlled. Conclusion This study designs risk management plans and establishes a risk register, to strengthen the emergency response capacity and improve operating room efficiency.