The article reviewed biopolymer materials to construct matrices of the bioengineered tissue structures used at present. Polymer materials such as alginate, chitozan, collagen, spidroin were analyzed. There were shown advantages and disadvantages of these materials to construct matrices of the bioengineering construction of the artificial cornea. Spidroin is a recombinant analog of dragline spider silk protein, and in our opinion it is the most promising and adequate to construct matrices of the bioengineering construction of the artificial cornea. Spidroin is the material of choice to construct 3D matrices of the bioengineering construction of the artificial cornea due to its properties such as high adhesive properties, pronounced mechanical properties, a biological inertness, a biocompatibility, a resistance to environmental conditions and an absolute transparency.