Much attention has been given to Software Process Improvements (SPIs) based on the premise that system development outcomes are largely determined by the capabilities of the software development process. The content of this chapter presents the results of a set of research projects investigating why SPIs have not been diffused and utilized in the software engineering community as expected (Fayad et al., 1996; Fichman & Kemerer, 1997; Luqi & Goguen, 1997; Pfleeger & Hatton, 1997). We show that a software developer’s perceived control over the use of an SPIimpacts its diffusion success. Additionally, we show that a software developer’s perceptions of enhanced software quality and increased individual productivity achieved through SPI use impact the successful diffusion of the SPI. Results of these research efforts support the compilation of a clear set of management guidelines to ensure the effective use of SPIs in software development organizations.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.