The difficulties of controIling the Miao area inhabited by the Miao tribe (Miao-ch'iang (苗疆)) was a traditional anxiety of the chinese government. First, the Ch'ing dynasty had allowed them to govern themselves by appointing the chieves Tu-kuan (土官), following the precedent of the Ming dynasty. Then it changed its policy and adopted the Kai-tu-kuei-liu (改土歸流) policy of ruling by Chou-hsien (州縣) 'system. This policy was pushed forward actively during the Yung-cheng period especially by E-erh-t'ai (鄂爾泰). The author tries to describe this policy by analysing the most violent Miao tribe, Ch'ing-chia-miao's rebellion suppressed by E-erh-t'ai.