As middle−class technical educational organizations, three prefectural technical schools and three municipal technical schools were established in Osaka from 1936 to 1940 responding to the rapid growth of the demand to workers and engineers. Until the war in the cases of prefectural schools, as a rule, firstly technical schools with three−year course was set up, then added the higher departments with three−year courses. On the other hand in the cases of municipal technical schools, technical schools with five−year courses were established from the beginning. Prefectural schools established in wartime period, however, were rapidly upgraded to the schools with five−year courses or set up as five−year schools from the beginning. On the other hand two municipal technical schools of three schools established in 1940 were set up as three−year schools. In this sense prefectural schools approached to municipal schools, while municipal schools came up to prefectural schools in wartime period. One factor which supported the former was criticism to vocational education emphasized on practice rather than theoretical training executed at the prefectural schools, while the City of Osaka faced with aggravated economic conditions which could not afford to establish well−equipped five−year schools.