This article analyzes scientific research conducted on the historical geography of the Khorezm oasis in the context of the Amu Darya’s riverbeds, ancient irrigation systems, and climate change. Based on scholarly sources, it explores the flow of the Amu Darya into the Caspian Sea via the Uzboy channel, and the paleogeographic features of the Sarykamysh basin and the Aral Sea region. Drawing on the works of scholars such as Ya.G. Ghulamov, B.V. Andrianov, and V.I. Vainberg, the article examines irrigation systems, climate changes, and the impact of human activity on the natural environment.