(A) Each 3-dimensional map of statistically affected voxels (p < 0.05, with the red scale, representing the significance in decrease of microglia, and the cyan scale, representing the increase in microglia; reference atlas is grey) summarizes all the treated and control samples within a cohort (3 samples per group). These maps illustrate that the effectiveness of reducing microglia is specific to particular regions and varies based on the dosage of the treatment. When netoglitazone is administered in low doses over long-term treatment, it only has a limited impact on reducing the overall volume of microglia. However, when high doses of netoglitazone are administered for long-term, it produces a significant and scattered effect, leading to a noticeable reduction in microglia volume in cortical and hippocampal regions. (B) Colocalizing a microglia statistical map with an Aβ plaque statistical maps allows for calculations of the number of overlapping voxels with statistically significant increase or decrease across the two maps. For the late low dose treatment, an increase in Aβ plaque count was colocalized with decreased microglia. For the late high dose treatment, the decrease in Aβ plaque count was also colocalized with decreased microglia.