IP地理定位在推断网络空间实体位置方面具有关键作用，广泛应用于通信系统优化、金融风险防控和网络拓扑测绘等领域。针对近20年IP地理定位领域的研究论文进行系统总结，分析各类技术的特点、优势与局限性，并深入调研实际应用场景和潜在发展方向。通过构建综合性IP地理定位技术体系框架，整合不同方法与范式，重点分析目前存在的问题，旨在为后续研究提供理论与方法论的支持，推动IP地理定位技术进一步发展和创新性应用。 IP geolocation plays a critical role in determining the locations of cyberspace entities and is widely applied in important fields such as communication system optimization, financial risk prevention, and network topology mapping. The research papers in the field of IP geolocation over the past 20 years were reviewed systematically, the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of various approaches were analyzed, while exploring practical application scenarios and potential future development directions. The first comprehensive framework for IP geolocation technologies was also established in this review, different methods and paradigms were taxonomized, while the current challenges in accurate, trustworthy, and robust IP geolocations were analyzed. The goal is to provide theoretical and methodological support for future research, thereby promoting the further development and innovative applications of IP geolocation technologies.