As the composite of an individual's physical and mental capacities, intrinsic capacity is a key determinant of healthy aging. In this large-scale cohort study, we aim to investigate the association between intrinsic capacity and incident stroke. The study includes 184,219 participants aged 40 years or older. Intrinsic capacity is assessed across five domains according to the World Health Organization Integrated Care for Older People framework. We use Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine this association and perform stratified and sensitivity analyses to evaluate domain-specific contributions and robustness. Here we show that both overall intrinsic capacity and each of its five domains are significantly associated with stroke incidence, with the strongest association observed among adults aged 80 years or older. These findings highlight intrinsic capacity as a promising, multidimensional target for primary stroke prevention in an aging population.