This white paper develops a relational-structural framework that derives the emergence of physical law, complex systems, and consciousness from a single primitive: minimal distinction. Beginning with the axiom that existence requires differentiation within a unified relational totality ($\mathbf{U}$), we demonstrate how logical consistency necessitates ordered dependency, from which causal structure (time) emerges as an intrinsic parameterization. The framework then extends to statistical mechanics, defining entropy over globally consistent configuration spaces and establishing typicality as a measure-theoretic consequence of symmetry invariance. Within this landscape, metastable complexity scales with persistent entropy gradients and finite information capacity, providing a structural account of adaptive system formation. Finally, we propose that consciousness corresponds to regimes of high integrated information ($\Phi$), characterized by recursive self-modeling within bounded subsystems. Meaning arises locally as valuation dynamics within such systems navigating entropy gradients—an emergent phenomenon requiring no external teleology. The framework unifies physical, biological, and phenomenal domains under a common structural ontology, offering testable principles for investigating the interface between information theory, complexity science, and consciousness studies.