We have seen in this book that it is possible to describe and, importantly, to predict a large variety of dynamic patterns observed in a biological population by means of a low-dimensional mathematical model. As a result of our modeling and experiment efforts, we have seen that a real biological population can indeed follow a so-called model predicted route to chaos, the possibility of which had so intrigued May in his seminal papers. While documenting this fact, we gained new insights into the complex dynamic patterns that can arise from the mix of nonlinear, deterministic, and stochastic elements inevitably found in ecological systems. One should not lose sight of the fact that it was a simple, low-dimensional model whose predictions were fulfilled, and upon whose foundation were based accurate explanations for complex dynamic patterns observed in the data. We hope the studies in this book not only provide insights into nonlinear population dynamics, but also provide a modest step toward the “hardening” of ecological science.