This study investigates the factors affecting the mathematics learning outcomes of students at the Military Ethnic boarding School the objectives are: 1. study the ranking of the importance of factors affecting the mathematics learning of students at the Military Ethnic boarding School; 2. study the level of importance of factors affecting the mathematics learning of students at the Military Ethnic boarding School; 3. compare the levels of importance of each factor affecting the mathematics learning of students at the Military Ethnic boarding School; 4. survey students' opinions on solutions and improvements for teaching and learning mathematics at the Military Ethnic boarding School. Data analysis employed two methods: statistical methods and mathematical modeling methods, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Modeling. Through analysis, the ranking of all 11 factors can be summarized as follows: the first teaching and learning methods factor, the second textbook and teaching materials factor, the third use of teaching media factor, 4th family economic status factor, 5th school environment factor, 6th policy factor, 7th measurement and evaluation factor, 8th school progress and acceptance factor, 9th teacher-student and peer relationships factor, 10 th teacher factor, 11th self-esteem factor. Through analysis of the importance level of the 11 factors, it can be concluded: self-esteem factor is at a very good level, textbook and teaching materials factor is at a good level, use of teaching media factor is at a good level, teacher factor is at a very good level, teaching and learning methods factor is at a good level, measurement and evaluation factor is at a very good level, school environment factor is at a very good level, school progress and acceptance factor is at a good level, teacher-student and peer relationships factor is at a very good level, family economic status factor is at a very low level. policy factor is at a moderate level. The overall level of importance of factors affecting mathematics learning outcomes of students at the Military Ethnic boarding School is at a good level. Comparison of the importance levels of the main factors affecting mathematics learning outcomes of students at the Military Ethnic boarding School for the 11 factors is as follows: the first teacher factor, the second teacher-student and peer relationships factor, the third measurement and evaluation factor, 4th self-esteem factor, 5th teaching and learning methods factor, 6th school environment factor, 7th school progress and acceptance factor, 8th use of teaching media factor, 9th policy factor, 10th textbook and teaching materials factor, 11th family economic status factor.