Inasmuch as transplantation medicine embodies death and life, it raises not only medical and legal, but especially ethical questions. Specific problems arise for each of the different sources (postmortem, living or animal (xenotransplantation) of organs for transplantation. Generally, the main essence of the ethical discussions are the definition and time of death, the merits and worthiness of being transplanted, criteria for fair organ allocation and the unpremeditated act of organ donation. These aspects will be undertaken in this chapter.