County Hospital

BACKGROUND: Irradiation after mastectomy can reduce locoregional recurrences in women with breast cancer, but whether it prolongs survival remains controversial. We conducted a randomized trial of radiotherapy after mastectomy in high-risk premenopausal women, all of whom also received adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF). METHODS: A total of 1708 women who had undergone mastectomy for pathological stage II or III breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive eight cycles of CMF plus irradiation of the chest wall and regional lymph nodes (852 women) or nine cycles of CMF alone (856 women). The median length of follow-up was 114 months. The end points were locoregional recurrence, distant metastases, disease-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: The frequency of locoregional recurrence alone or with distant metastases was 9 percent among the women who received radiotherapy plus CMF and 32 percent among those who received CMF alone (P<0.001). The probability of survival free of disease after 10 years was 48 percent among the women assigned to radiotherapy plus CMF and 34 percent among those treated only with CMF (P<0.001). Overall survival at 10 years was 54 percent among those given radiotherapy and CMF and 45 percent among those who received CMF alone (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that irradiation after mastectomy significantly improved disease-free survival and overall survival, irrespective of tumor size, the number of positive nodes, or the histopathological grade. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of postoperative irradiation to mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy reduces locoregional recurrences and prolongs survival in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to describe longitudinal evidence on the effects of father involvement on children's developmental outcomes. METHODS: Father involvement was conceptualized as accessibility (cohabitation), engagement, responsibility or other complex measures of involvement. Both biological fathers and father figures were included. We searched all major databases from the first dates. Data on father involvement had to be generated at least 1 year before measuring offspring outcomes. RESULTS: N = 24 publications were included in the overview: 22 of these described positive effects of father involvement, whereof 16 studies had controlled for SES and 11 concerned the study population as a whole [five socio-economic status (SES)-controlled]. There is certain evidence that cohabitation with the mother and her male partner is associated with less externalising behavioural problems. Active and regular engagement with the child predicts a range of positive outcomes, although no specific form of engagement has been shown to yield better outcomes than another. Father engagement seems to have differential effects on desirable outcomes by reducing the frequency of behavioural problems in boys and psychological problems in young women, and enhancing cognitive development, while decreasing delinquency and economic disadvantage in low SES families. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to support the positive influence of father engagement on offspring social, behavioural and psychological outcomes. Although the literature only provides sufficient basis for engagement (direct interaction with the child) as the specific form of 'effective' father involvement, there is enough support to urge both professionals and policy makers to improve circumstances for involved fathering.

Abstract The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 1,2 , host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases 3–7 . They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.

RATIONALE: Low body mass index (BMI) is a marker of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the general population, the harmful effect of low BMI is due to the deleterious effects of a low fat-free mass index (FFMI; fat-free mass/weight(2)). OBJECTIVES: We explored distribution of low FFMI and its association with prognosis in a population-based cohort of patients with COPD. METHODS: We used data on 1,898 patients with COPD identified in a population-based epidemiologic study in Copenhagen. FFM was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Patients were followed up for a mean of 7 yr and the association between BMI and FFMI and mortality was examined taking age, sex, smoking, and lung function into account. MAIN RESULTS: The mean FFMI was 16.0 kg/m(2) for women and 18.7 kg/m(2) for men. Among subjects with normal BMI, 26.1% had an FFMI lower than the lowest 10th percentile of the general population. BMI and FFMI were significant predictors of mortality, independent of relevant covariates. Being in the lowest 10th percentile of the general population for FFMI was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.8) for overall mortality and 2.4 (1.4-4.0) for COPD-related mortality. FFMI was also a predictor of overall mortality when analyses were restricted to subjects with normal BMI. CONCLUSIONS: FFMI provides information in addition to BMI and assessment of FFM should be considered in the routine assessment of COPD.

Methods for assessing early characteristics and late outcome after severe head injury have been devised and applied to 700 cases in three countries (Scotland, Netherlands, and USA). There was a close similarity between the initial features of patients in the three series; in spite of differences on organisation of care and in details of management , the mortality was exactly the same in each country. This data bank of cases (which is still being enlarged) can be used for predicting outcome in new cases, and for setting up trials of management.

BACKGROUND: Screening elderly men with ultrasound is an established method to reduce mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; Evidence Level 1a). Such programs are being implemented and generally consist of a single scan at 65 years of age. We report the results from screening 65-year-old men for AAA in middle Sweden. METHODS AND RESULTS: All 65-year-old men (n=26,256), identified through the National Population Registry, were invited to an ultrasound examination. An AAA was defined as a maximum infrarenal aortic diameter of ≥30 mm. In total, 22 187 (85%) accepted, and 373 AAAs were detected (1.7%; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 1.9). With 127 previously known AAAs (repaired/under surveillance) included, the total prevalence of the disease in the population was 2.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 2.4). Self-reported smoking (odds ratio, 3.4; P<0.001), coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 2.0; P<0.001), and hypertension (odds ratio, 1.6; P=0.001) were independently associated with AAA in a multivariate logistic regression model. Thirteen percent of the entire population reported to be current smokers, one third of the frequency reported in the 1980s. The observed low prevalence of AAA was explained mainly by this change in smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the observed reduced exposure to risk factors, lower-than-expected prevalence of AAA among 65-year-old men, unchanged AAA repair rate, and significantly improved longevity of the elderly population, the current generally agreed-on AAA screening model can be questioned. Important issues to address are the threshold diameter for follow-up, the possible need for rescreening at a higher age, and selective screening among smokers.

BACKGROUND: A previous study has shown a twofold increase in prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) in Swedish recruits during the 1970s. The increase was higher in more northerly colder regions. OBJECTIVES: To follow up the previously found trend to increasing prevalences with time as well as the climatic variations within the country. METHODS: The prevalences of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were assessed using two questionnaire studies, 12 years apart (1979 and 1991) with identical questions about the diseases. The study comprised representative samples of children from the Göteborg area on the south-western coast (in 1979: 7-year-olds, n = 4255, in 1991: 7-year-olds, n = 1649) and in Kiruna, a mining town in the northernmost inland mountains (in 1979: 7-year-olds, n = 427, in 1991: 7-9-year-olds, n = 832). In 1991 there was also a personal interview and a skin-prick test (SPT) on subsamples. RESULTS: The prevalence of all these diseases present over the last year had roughly doubled over the 12-year period. On both occasions, most symptoms were more prevalent in the northern area. In 1991, the prevalence of one or more symptoms in Göteborg was 23.8% and 32.5% and in Kiruna 29.9% and 44.8% in the questionnaire and the interview, respectively. CONCLUSION: Asthma, AR and eczema increase continuously in prevalence in Sweden and the climatic distribution of the prevalences suggests possible major risk factors to be found in a closed indoor climate.

The problem Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem. It has been estimated that in the USA the remaining lifetime fracture risk at the age of 50 years is 40% for white women and 13% for white men, 1 the major fracture sites being spine, forearm and hip. This results in considerable morbidity and mortality and rising costs, including acute hospital care and long term care in the home or nursing home. The estimated total annual cost of osteoporotic fractures in England and Wales is 742 million ($464 million). 2 These costs are likely to increase as the population ages.

AbstractThe effect of limited drying or removal of the periodontal ligament upon periodontal healing after replantation of incisors was studied in green Vervet monkeys. All teeth were examined histologically either 2-, 4- or 8 weeks after replantation. The drying experiment demonstrated that an area of ankylosis was established after 2 weeks corresponding to the dried portion of the root and was removed by a resorptive process in the majority of cases after 8 weeks. The removal of the periodontal ligament led to development of surface-, inflammatory-and replacement resorption. Furthermore, 1 mm2 and 4 mm2 lesions on the root surface developed transient ankylosis which disappeared after 8 weeks, while lesions of 9 mm2 or 16 mm2 in size resulted in an ankylosis which, in most cases, persisted after 8 weeks. Based on these findings, it is postulated that physical removal or extended drying of the periodontal ligament initiates a rapid osteogenesis in the alveolus which establishes an ankylosis. If the damaged area is placed next to a zone on the root surface with a vital periodontal ligament, a later resorptive process is established from this zone, whereby the ankylosis area is gradually resorbed. It is estimated that the extent of this process in this experiment amounted to possibly 1–1.5 mm.Key Words: Histopathologyhistometryroot resorptionstorage of avulsed teeth

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether eradication of Helicobacter pylori relieves the symptoms of functional dyspepsia. DESIGN: Multicentre randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. SUBJECTS: 278 patients infected with H pylori who had functional dyspepsia. SETTING: Predominantly secondary care centres in Australia, New Zealand, and Europe. INTERVENTION: Patients randomised to receive omeprazole 20 mg twice daily, amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily, and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily or placebo for 7 days. Patients were followed up for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom status (assessed by diary cards) and presence of H pylori (assessed by gastric biopsies and 13C-urea breath testing using urea labelled with carbon-13). RESULTS: H pylori was eradicated in 113 patients (85%) in the treatment group and 6 patients (4%) in the placebo group. At 12 months follow up there was no significant difference between the proportion of patients treated successfully by intention to treat in the eradication arm (24%, 95% confidence interval 17% to 32%) and the proportion of patients treated successfully by intention to treat in the placebo group (22%, 15% to 30%). Changes in symptom scores and quality of life did not significantly differ between the treatment and placebo groups. When the groups were combined, there was a significant association between treatment success and chronic gastritis score at 12 months; 41/127 (32%) patients with no or mild gastritis were successfully treated compared with 21/123 (17%) patients with persistent gastritis (P=0. 008). CONCLUSION: No convincing evidence was found that eradication of H pylori relieves the symptoms of functional dyspepsia 12 months after treatment.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a newly discovered bunyavirus, SFTS virus (SFTSV), and causes high fatality (12% on average and as high as 30%). The objective of this study was to determine whether SFTSV could be transmitted from person to person. We analyzed sera of 13 patients from two clusters of unknown infectious diseases that occurred between September and November of 2006 in Anhui Province of China for SFTSV antibody by indirect immunofluorescence assay and for SFTSV RNA by RT-PCR. We found that all patients (n=14) had typical clinical symptoms of SFTS including fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia and all secondary patients in both clusters got sick at 6-13 days after contacting or exposing to blood of index patients. We demonstrated that all patients in cluster 1 including the index patient and nine secondary patients and all three secondary patients in cluster 2 had seroconversion or fourfold increases in antibody titer to SFTSV and/or by RT-PCR amplification of SFTSV RNA from the acute serum. The index patient in cluster 2 was not analyzed because of lack of serum. No person who contacted the index patient during the same period, but were not exposed to the index patient blood, had got illness. We concluded that SFTSV can be transmitted from person to person through contacting patient's blood.

The epidemiology of sprains in the lateral ankle and foot was investigated in a prospective study at the casualty ward at Hillerød County Hospital. During one year, 766 patients were registered. The overall sprain incidence was 7/1000 person-years. The incidence was highest for young males. After the age of 40 years, the incidence was higher for women than for men. Most sprains were sustained during sport, but, with increasing age, other activities became dominant. Sixty-one percent of the lesions were located around the lateral ankle, and 24% were located on the lateral midfoot.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that determine disease severity and clinical phenotype of the most common spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), we studied 526 patients with SCA1, SCA2, SCA3. or SCA6. METHODS: To measure the severity of ataxia we used the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). In addition, nonataxia symptoms were assessed with the Inventory of Non-Ataxia Symptoms (INAS). The INAS count denotes the number of nonataxia symptoms in each patient. RESULTS: An analysis of covariance with SARA score as dependent variable and repeat lengths of the expanded and normal allele, age at onset, and disease duration as independent variables led to multivariate models that explained 60.4% of the SARA score variance in SCA1, 45.4% in SCA2, 46.8% in SCA3, and 33.7% in SCA6. In SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3, SARA was mainly determined by repeat length of the expanded allele, age at onset, and disease duration. The only factors determining the SARA score in SCA6 were age at onset and disease duration. The INAS count was 5.0 +/- 2.3 in SCA1, 4.6 +/- 2.2 in SCA2, 5.2 +/- 2.5 in SCA3, and 2.0 +/- 1.7 in SCA6. In SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3, SARA score and disease duration were the strongest predictors of the INAS count. In SCA6, only age at onset and disease duration had an effect on the INAS count. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, SCA2, and SCA3 share a number of common biologic properties, whereas SCA6 is distinct in that its phenotype is more determined by age than by disease-related factors.

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1958Structure and Function of the Internal Vesical Sphincter Jack Lapides Jack LapidesJack Lapides More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)66188-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1958 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byDASS N, MCMURRAY G, GREENLAND J and BRADING A (2018) MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE FEMALE PIG BLADDER NECK AND URETHRA: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS USING COMPUTER ASSISTED 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONSJournal of Urology, VOL. 165, NO. 4, (1294-1299), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2001.DORSCHNER W, BIESOLD M, SCHMIDT F and STOLZENBURG J (2018) THE DISPUTE ABOUT THE EXTERNAL SPHINCTER AND THE UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGMJournal of Urology, VOL. 162, NO. 6, (1942-1945), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1999.Belair G, Tessier J, Bertrand P and Schick E (2018) Retropubic Cystourethropexy: Is it an Obstructive Procedure?Journal of Urology, VOL. 158, NO. 2, (533-538), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1997.Lose G and Colstrup H (2018) Mechanical Properties of the Urethra in Healthy and Stress Incontinent Females: Dynamic Measurements in the Resting UrethraJournal of Urology, VOL. 144, NO. 5, (1258-1262), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1990.Juenemann K, Lue T, Schmidt R and Tanagho E (2018) Clinical Significance of Sacral and Pudendal Nerve AnatomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 139, NO. 1, (74-80), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1988.Mutoh S, Ueda S, Fukumoto Y, Machida J and Ikegami K (2018) Effect of Adrenergic and Cholinergic Drugs on the Noradrenergic Transmission in Bladder Neck Smooth MuscleJournal of Urology, VOL. 138, NO. 1, (212-215), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1987.Kropp K and Angwafo F (2018) Urethral Lengthening and Reimplantation for Neurogenic Incontinence in ChildrenJournal of Urology, VOL. 135, NO. 3, (533-536), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1986.Reid R, Laor E, Tolia B, Donner K and Freed S (2018) Intraoperative ProfilometryJournal of Urology, VOL. 133, NO. 2, (203-204), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1985.Raz S (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 133, NO. 2, (204-204), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1985. 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I. A Theory of MicturitionJournal of Urology, VOL. 110, NO. 6, (650-652), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1973.Gleason D, Gittes R, Bottaccini M and Byrne J (2018) Energy Balance of Voiding after Cecal CystoplastyJournal of Urology, VOL. 108, NO. 2, (259-264), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1972.Kiesswetter H (2018) Stress Incontinence in Female Subjects. I. Preoperative and Postoperative Evaluation by CystosphincterometryJournal of Urology, VOL. 108, NO. 5, (731-735), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1972.Harrold M, Champion R and Ford M (2018) Functional Urethral Construction in Female EpispadiasJournal of Urology, VOL. 107, NO. 1, (144-145), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1972.Islam M, Boyd P and Laughlin V (2018) Urinary Incontinence: A Challenge and a Solution. II. Experience with a New Operation: VesiconeosphinctroplastyJournal of Urology, VOL. 106, NO. 6, (872-873), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1971.Mahony D (2018) Studies of Enuresis. I. Incidence of Obstructive Lesions and Pathophysiology of EnuresisJournal of Urology, VOL. 106, NO. 6, (951-958), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1971.Lapides J (2018) Simplified Operation for Stress IncontinenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 105, NO. 2, (262-264), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1971.Spenge H and Duckett J (2018) Diverticulum of The Female Urethra: Clinical Aspects and Presentation of a Simple Operative Technique for CureJournal of Urology, VOL. 104, NO. 3, (432-437), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1970.Kleeman F (2018) The Physiology of the Internal Urinary SphincterJournal of Urology, VOL. 104, NO. 4, (549-554), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1970.Rinker J and Witherington R (2018) Adaptation of the Lapides Principle for Incontinence Due to Anatomical DefectsJournal of Urology, VOL. 103, NO. 4, (496-499), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1970.Gross M (2018) Surgical Management of Postoperative IncontinenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 103, NO. 5, (615-618), Online publication date: 1-May-1970.Beck A (2018) The Hryntschak Prostatectomy: II. A Late Review of 179 CasesJournal of Urology, VOL. 103, NO. 6, (778-782), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1970.Nemoy N and Govan D (2018) Urinary Continence in the Absence of an Intact External SphincterJournal of Urology, VOL. 102, NO. 2, (200-204), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1969.Ellis L and Hodges C (2018) Experiences With Female Urethral ReconstructionJournal of Urology, VOL. 102, NO. 2, (214-220), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1969.Keitzer W, Tandon B, Allen J, Bernreuter E and Amador J (2018) Urethrotomy Visualized for Bladder Neck Contracture in Male PatientsJournal of Urology, VOL. 102, NO. 5, (577-580), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1969.King L and Wendel R (2018) A New Application for Transvaginal Plication in the Treatment of Girls with Total Urinary Incontinence Due to Epispadias or HypospadiasJournal of Urology, VOL. 102, NO. 6, (778-782), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1969.Conway C and Bradley W (2018) Measurement of Spread of Excitation in the Urinary Detrusor Muscle During Reflex InductionJournal of Urology, VOL. 101, NO. 4, (533-538), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1969.Woodburne R (2018) Anatomy of the Bladder and Bladder OutletJournal of Urology, VOL. 100, NO. 4, (474-487), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1968.Tanagho E and Smith D (2018) Mechanism of Urinary Continence. 1. Embryologic, Anatomic and Pathologic ConsiderationsJournal of Urology, VOL. 100, NO. 5, (640-646), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1968.Kohler F, Uhle C and Mackinney C (2018) Long-Term Evaluation of Retropubic Urethropexy for Stress Incontinence in Female PatientsJournal of Urology, VOL. 99, NO. 1, (50-52), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1968.Rifaat M (2018) Rectal Vesicourethroplasty: A New Method of Bladder Substitution. Preliminary ReportJournal of Urology, VOL. 99, NO. 3, (281-287), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1968.Uhle C, Kohler F and Mackinney C (2018) Urinary Stress Incontinence in the Female PatientJournal of Urology, VOL. 99, NO. 5, (613-616), Online publication date: 1-May-1968.Gute D, Chute R and Baron J (2018) Bladder Neck Revision for Obstruction in Men: A Clinical Study Reporting Normal Ejaculation PostoperativelyJournal of Urology, VOL. 99, NO. 6, (744-749), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1968.Holmquist B and Staubitz W (2018) The Role of the Pudendal Nerve in Connection with Electronic Emptying of the Neurogenic Cord Bladder in DogsJournal of Urology, VOL. 98, NO. 2, (198-204), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1967.Susset J and Boctor Z (2018) Implantable Electrical Vesical Stimulator : Clinical ExperienceJournal of Urology, VOL. 98, NO. 6, (673-678), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1967.Wear J, Kreutzmann R, Barquin F and Bernhardt N (2018) Observations on Electrical Stimulation of the Canine BladderJournal of Urology, VOL. 97, NO. 3, (469-477), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1967.Hutch J (2018) A New Theory of the Anatomy of the Internal Urinary Sphincter and the Physiology of Micturition IV. The Urinary Sphincteric MechanismJournal of Urology, VOL. 97, NO. 4, (705-712), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1967.Leadbetter G and Fraley E (2018) Surgical Correction for Total Urinary Incontinence: 5 Years AfterJournal of Urology, VOL. 97, NO. 5, (869-873), Online publication date: 1-May-1967.Nesbit R and Labardini M (2018) Urethral Valves in the Male ChildJournal of Urology, VOL. 96, NO. 2, (218-228), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1966.Manley C (2018) The Striated Muscle of the ProstateJournal of Urology, VOL. 95, NO. 2, (234-240), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1966.Lapides J (2018) The Abdominal NeourethraJournal of Urology, VOL. 95, NO. 3, (350-355), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1966.Samellas W (2018) Urinary Control Following Radical Perineal ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 95, NO. 4, (580-583), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1966.Coetzee T (2018) Ileal UrethroplastyJournal of Urology, VOL. 94, NO. 1, (60-63), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1965.Okulicz S (2018) Construction of the Female Urethra Utilizing a Tubed Bladder FlapJournal of Urology, VOL. 94, NO. 2, (148-151), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1965.Immergut M, Murphy E, Maloney J, Bauer D and Winter C (2018) The Rehabilitation of a Defunctionalized Bladder After Sixteen Years of InactivityJournal of Urology, VOL. 94, NO. 5, (566-568), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1965.Burkholder G and Williams D (2018) Epispadias and Incontinence: Surgical Treatment of 27 ChildrenJournal of Urology, VOL. 94, NO. 6, (674-679), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1965.Michener F, Thompson I and Ross G (2018) Ureterovesical Tubularization for Urinary IncontinenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 92, NO. 3, (203-205), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1964.Scott F, Quesada E and Cardus D (2018) Studies on the Dynamics of Micturition: Observations on Healthy MenJournal of Urology, VOL. 92, NO. 5, (455-463), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1964.Glenn J and Montgomery W (2018) A Clinical Classification of Bladder Outlet ObstructionJournal of Urology, VOL. 91, NO. 3, (232-240), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1964.Krahn H, Morales P and Hotchkiss R (2018) Experience with Tubeless CystostomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 91, NO. 3, (246-252), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1964.Leadbetter G (2018) Surgical Correction of Total Urinary IncontinenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 91, NO. 3, (261-266), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1964.Bradley W, Wittmers L and Chou S (2018) An Experimental Study of the Treatment of the Neurogenic BladderJournal of Urology, VOL. 90, NO. 5, (575-582), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1963.Keitzer W and Benavent C (2018) Bladder Neck Obstruction in ChildrenJournal of Urology, VOL. 89, NO. 3, (384-388), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1963.Milner W (2018) A New Plastic Operation For Control Of Incontinence in the Female PatientJournal of Urology, VOL. 87, NO. 1, (56-59), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1962.Thompson I (2018) Incontinence Following ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 86, NO. 1, (130-133), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1961.Keitzer W, Cervantes L, Demaculangan A and Cruz B (2018) Transurethral Incision of Bladder Neck for ContractureJournal of Urology, VOL. 86, NO. 2, (242-246), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1961.Davis J, Morillo M and Draper J (2018) Measurements of Urethral ResistanceJournal of Urology, VOL. 85, NO. 4, (586-592), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1961.Greco P and Anllo V (2018) Urethrocystopexy for Stress Incontinence in the Female; 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Volume 80Issue 5November 1958Page: 341-353 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1958 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jack Lapides More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

This retrospective study of Brånemark implants presents results from 93 implants for single-tooth replacements placed in 77 patients from 1987 to 1990. Only two implants were lost: one before the abutment operation and one during the first year in function. Patients' reactions to the rehabilitations were very positive regarding esthetic aspects and function. The most obvious problem was related to loose abutment screws. Forty-three percent of the abutment screws had to be retightened during the follow-up period, and for this reason, nine cemented crowns had to be remade.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of methanol toxicity is based on human data from case series and larger outbreaks. In many of these cases, however, diagnosis was not verified by methanol determinations. We present epidemiological and clinical data from one of the largest methanol outbreaks in which all patients had detectable serum methanol levels. METHODS: Retrospective case series study of hospital and forensic charts from the five hospitals where patients were treated. RESULTS: Of the 147 patients admitted with suspected methanol poisoning, the diagnosis was confirmed in 111, of whom 25 (23 %) died. In addition, 43 patients died outside the hospital, giving a total of 154 patients and a death toll of 68 (44 %). Outcome was related to the degree of metabolic acidosis, serum methanol concentration, coma upon admission, and the patient's ability to hyperventilate. Patients were treated with bicarbonate (85 %), ethanol (87 %), hemodialysis (71 %), and mechanical ventilation (61%) according to clinical features and blood gases, since serum methanol concentrations were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty patients (18 %) survived with permanent sequelae, 18 suffered from impaired vision, and 3 developed permanent brain damage. DISCUSSION: Given limited resources, triage and use age of tertiary care centers allowed a small community hospital to treat a high number of methanol-poisoned patients. Critical resources were ventilators and dialyzing machines, whereas stores of antidote (ethanol) and bicarbonate were sufficient. Many patients were mechanically ventilated by hand and treated with bicarbonate and ethanol during transport to tertiary care centers for hemodialysis.

INTRODUCTION: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is thought to have an analgesic effect as well as a biomodulatory effect on microcirculation. This study was designed to examine the pain-relieving effect of LLLT and possible microcirculatory changes measured by thermography in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with mild or moderate KOA were randomized to receive either LLLT or placebo LLLT. Treatments were delivered twice a week over a period of 4 wk with a diode laser (wavelength 830 nm, continuous wave, power 50 mW) in skin contact at a dose of 6 J/point. The placebo control group was treated with an ineffective probe (power 0.5 mW) of the same appearance. Before examinations and immediately, 2 wk, and 2 mo after completing the therapy, thermography was performed (bilateral comparative thermograph by AGA infrared camera); joint flexion, circumference, and pressure sensitivity were measured; and the visual analogue scale was recorded. RESULTS: In the group treated with active LLLT, a significant improvement was found in pain (before treatment [BT]: 5.75; 2 mo after treatment : 1.18); circumference (BT: 40.45; AT: 39.86); pressure sensitivity (BT: 2.33; AT: 0.77); and flexion (BT: 105.83; AT: 122.94). In the placebo group, changes in joint flexion and pain were not significant. Thermographic measurements showed at least a 0.5 degrees C increase in temperature--and thus an improvement in circulation compared to the initial values. In the placebo group, these changes did not occur. CONCLUSION: Our results show that LLLT reduces pain in KOA and improves microcirculation in the irradiated area.

BACKGROUND: Effective targets for systolic blood-pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes are unclear. METHODS: We enrolled patients 50 years of age or older with type 2 diabetes, elevated systolic blood pressure, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at 145 clinical sites across China. Patients were randomly assigned to receive intensive treatment that targeted a systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg or standard treatment that targeted a systolic blood pressure of less than 140 mm Hg for up to 5 years. The primary outcome was a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, treatment or hospitalization for heart failure, or death from cardiovascular causes. Multiple imputation was used for missing outcome data, with an assumption that the data were missing at random. RESULTS: Of 12,821 patients (6414 patients in the intensive-treatment group and 6407 in the standard-treatment group) enrolled from February 2019 through December 2021, 5803 (45.3%) were women; the mean (±SD) age of the patients was 63.8±7.5 years. At 1 year of follow-up, the mean systolic blood pressure was 121.6 mm Hg (median, 118.3 mm Hg) in the intensive-treatment group and 133.2 mm Hg (median, 135.0 mm Hg) in the standard-treatment group. During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, primary-outcome events occurred in 393 patients (1.65 events per 100 person-years) in the intensive-treatment group and 492 patients (2.09 events per 100 person-years) in the standard-treatment group (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.90; P<0.001). The incidence of serious adverse events was similar in the treatment groups. However, symptomatic hypotension and hyperkalemia occurred more frequently in the intensive-treatment group than in the standard-treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes, the incidence of major cardiovascular events was significantly lower with intensive treatment targeting a systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg than with standard treatment targeting a systolic blood pressure of less than 140 mm Hg. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others; BPROAD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03808311.).

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. To date, no specific drug for COVID-19 has been developed. Thus, this randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial (ChiCTR2000029853) was performed in China. A total of 20 mild and common COVID-19 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive azvudine and symptomatic treatment (FNC group), or standard antiviral and symptomatic treatment (control group). The mean times of the first nucleic acid negative conversion (NANC) of ten patients in the FNC group and ten patients in the control group are 2.60 (SD 0.97; range 1-4) d and 5.60 (SD 3.06; range 2-13) d, respectively (p = 0.008). The mean times of the first NANC of four newly diagnosed subjects in the FNC group and ten subjects in the control group are 2.50 (SD 1.00; range 2-4) d and 9.80 (SD 4.73; range 3-19) d, respectively (starting from the initial treatment) (p = 0.01). No adverse events occur in the FNC group, while three adverse events occur in the control group (p = 0.06). The preliminary results show that FNC treatment in the mild and common COVID-19 may shorten the NANC time versus standard antiviral treatment. Therefore, clinical trials of FNC treating COVID-19 with larger sample size are warranted.