Korea National Park Service

We present results from a cross-sectional study of the entire adolescent student population aged 14 to 18 years of the island of Kos, on the correlates between personality, illicit chemical substance use, and Internet abuse. Results demonstrate that adolescents who have used illicit substances and are abusing the Internet as well appear to share some common personality characteristics, namely those that are classified under the label of "psychoticism" in the Eysenck's personality model. An increase in the severity of pathological Internet use has been linked to increased chances of having used an illicit substance. Taking into account any common personality attributes, Internet addiction can still be useful as a predictor variable for substance use experiences. Future research should attempt to verify any biological common factors between chemical substances use and Internet abuse. Targeting the adolescent population that engages in increased Internet use may be of benefit for drug abuse prevention programs.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the immunogenicity and safety of 5 micrograms with 10 micrograms of Engerix-B recombinant hepatitis B vaccine when given to healthy children, 2 to 6 years of age. METHODS: Randomized multicenter study of serongative children 2 to 6 years of age who received Engerix-B hepatitis B vaccine either 5 micrograms/0.25 ml or 10 micrograms/0.5 ml (the current Food and Drug Administration-approved dosage of Engerix-B in children) at 0, 1 and 6 months. Serum was obtained at 1, 3, 6 and 8 months after the first vaccine dose was given for antibody measurement. RESULTS: A total of 223 subjects were screened and received the first dose of vaccine. Of these subjects 193 continued in the study. Both dosages proved to be highly immunogenic, producing high seroconversion and seroprotection rates and geometric mean antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen concentrations after 3 doses. The geometric mean concentrations of seroconverters at Months 6 and 8 were significantly greater for the 10-micrograms group compared with the 5-micrograms group. Both dosages were well-tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant reduction in geometric mean concentrations on lowering the dosage of Engerix-B from 10 to 5 micrograms in children 2 to 6 years of age. Although a high seroprotection rate was elicited by the 5-micrograms dose, the lower antibody concentrations achieved may make this lower dosage less desirable in the long term. Further studies are required to examine the need for booster doses of vaccine with both dosing schedules.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that lower dosages of hepatitis B vaccine may be adequate for vaccinating infants and would be less costly. OBJECTIVES: To compare the immunogenicity and safety of 5 and 10 micrograms of Engerix-B recombinant hepatitis B vaccine given to healthy infants. METHODS: A prospective randomized comparison of 5- and 10-micrograms doses of Engerix-B recombinant hepatitis B vaccine given to infants at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. Seroconversion (antihepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) > or = 1 mIU/ ml) and seroprotection (anti-HBs > or = 10 mIU/ml) rates as well as geometric mean antibody titers were compared at 4, 6 and 8 months. RESULTS: A total of 190 healthy infants were screened and received the first dose of vaccine. Of these infants 153 were eligible to continue in the study. Both dosages proved to be highly immunogenic, producing high seroconversion and seroprotection rates and geometric mean anti-HBs concentrations after 3 doses. Although 10 micrograms induced significantly greater geometric mean concentrations (1641 mIU/ml compared 880 mIU/ml at 8 months of age), the seroprotection rates were identical (98.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Both dosages were well-tolerated and no serious adverse experiences were reported. However, the 5 micrograms of Engerix-B administered at 2, 4 and 6 months of age did not induce as great an anti-Hbs concentration as did 10 micrograms. Long term studies are required to determine whether using the lower dosage would sacrifice long term efficacy.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive, with high risk of visceral metastasis and death. A substantial proportion of patients with TNBC is associated with BRCA mutations, implying that these tumors are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. We report successful treatment of a metastatic TNBC in a woman with a BRCA2 germline mutation using combined bevacizumab/paclitaxel/carboplatin (BPC) therapy. The patient was pregnant and had liver metastases, and a complete clinical response was sustained for approximately 5 years. Mastectomy was performed during the 29th week of pregnancy, and the baby was later delivered by caesarean section. Subsequently, multiple metastases in both liver lobes were detected using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and the patient was treated with a BPC regimen, which led to complete disappearance of metastatic lesions in the liver. No additional treatment was provided, and after 5 years the patient consented to direct sequencing of BRCA2 and a 6781delG mutation was identified. At the most recent (5-year) follow-up, the patient was alive with good quality of life and no evidence of metastases.This finding suggests that BPC therapy might be considered a good therapeutic option for the treatment of metastatic TNBC in a woman with a BRCA2 germline mutation.

Arthrodesis of the knee joint is a mainly a salvage surgical procedure performed in cases of infected total knee arthroplasty, tumor, failed knee arthroplasty or posttraumatic complication.The authors report the case of 18-year-old male with posttraumatic complication of left knee because of motorbike accident 1 year before. He was treated immediately after the injury in the local Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. The examination in the day of admission to our department revealed deformation of the left knee, massive scar tissue adhesions to the proximal tibial bone and multidirectional instability of the knee. The plain radiographs showed complete lack of lateral compartment of the knee joint and patella. The patient complained of severe instability and pain of the knee and a consecutive loss of supporting function of his left limb. The authors decided to perform an arthroscopic-assisted fusion of the knee with Ilizarov external fixator because of massive scar tissue in the knee region and the prior knee infection.In the final follow-up after 54 months a complete bone fusion, good functional and clinical outcome were obtained.This case provides a significant contribution to the development and application of low-invasive techniques in large and extensive surgical procedures in orthopedics and traumatology. Moreover, in this case fixation of knee joint was crucial for providing good conditions for the regeneration of damaged peroneal nerve.

Sınav kaygısının kaynağı konusunda görüşlerden biri bireylerin yetersiz öğrenme ve çalışma becerilerine sahip olmaları, diğeri ise bireylerin kendi imajları ile ilgili olumsuz olarak gelişen ve sınav sırasında sınavla ilgili olmayan örüntüleridir. Sınav kaygısının bir boyutu kişinin kendi başarısızlığını ve bunun sonucunda oluşturduğu düşüncelerini ve kendisi hakkındaki değerlendirmelerini kapsar. Öz-duyarlık, bireyin acı ve sıkıntı çekmesine neden olan duygularına açık olması, kendine özenli ve sevecen tutumlarla yaklaşması, yetersizlik ve başarısızlıklarına karşı anlayışlı olması ve yaşadığı olumsuz deneyimleri insan yaşamının doğal bir süreci olarak kabul etmesi şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. KPSS sınavına girecek sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının sınav kaygıları ile öz duyarlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi araştırmanın amacının oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Özsarı (2008) tarafından geliştirilen ve uyarlanan Öğretmenlik Merkezi Sınavı Kaygı Ölçeği ile Türkçe uyarlaması Akın, Akın ve Abacı (2007) tarafından yapılan öz duyarlık ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu ölçekler Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Sınıf Öğretmenliği Anabilim Dalı’nda öğrenim gören öğrencilere uygulanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Sınav kaygısı, KPSS, sınıf öğretmeni adayı, öz duyarlık

GPS测量结果表明青藏高原水平位移场在其东部绕喜马拉雅东构造结呈顺时针转动, 其地球动力学成因难以在二维模型中模拟. 由于青藏高原地壳巨厚、下地壳温度高, 岩石层流变性质可能会呈现脆性的上地壳、柔性的下地壳和黏滞系数较大的岩石圈上地幔, 在岩石圈下又存在黏滞系数较低的软流层的复杂分层流变结构. 在上述研究成果的基础上, 利用三维球坐标系下的Maxwell体有限元模型模拟了青藏高原在印度板块推挤下的变形. 模拟结果显示, 柔软下地壳的存在使整个青藏高原在印度板块的推挤下表现为整体抬升, 高原南缘和喜马拉雅东构造结抬升迅速, 而由于周边地块下地壳相对较硬而封闭、仅高原东南部存在高温柔软的通道, 青藏高原软的下地壳的存在还使得高原整体隆起达到一定高度后, 下地壳和软流层的物质向东、东南流动, 并拖曳上地壳作类似运动, 形成绕喜马拉雅东构造结的顺时针转动.

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Editor, We would like to thank Drs Rajendram and Kale1 for their interest in our study. They highlight several interesting points which we would like to address. First is regarding the relevance of manikin studies to clinical practice. The main advantage of a manikin study is that conditions can be standardised allowing new equipment to be compared in an environment that does not compromise patient safety. Standardised conditions are, by definition, not possible in normal clinical trials and this may make it less straightforward to answer specific physical questions. The question we started with related to the fact that the C-MAC D-blade (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) had been introduced into clinical practice without a specific introducer. This was noticeably different from certain other available devices, in particular the GlideScope (Verathon Inc., Bothwell, Washington, USA). When we asked the manufacturing company why this was the case, we were told it was not generally necessary but if a clinician did choose to use one, it probably did not matter what was used. We thought this advice was not well thought out and the main reason for starting our study was to determine whether or not it did matter. In our manikin study, each clinician intubated with six different introducer strategies in both a simulated normal and difficult airway.2 This type of direct comparison would be difficult to achieve safely in a clinical study because, as we observed, anaesthetists did use stylets differently from one another and in addition this number of airway manoeuvres per patient would be difficult to justify from an ethical standpoint. Second, we do not consider that ‘service evaluation studies’ of the type described by Rajendram and Kale1 can be regarded as ‘good evidence’. There are many confounding factors when comparing devices in the way described. Indeed, the use of airway equipment as suggested by Rajendram and Kale1 may be dependent on clinicians’ personal preference and just because a device is used more often does not necessarily correspond with efficacy; it may, for example, just be more easily available in the department concerned. We agree that well designed randomised clinical trials by suitably qualified institutions should be the basis for choosing which airway equipment to purchase, in keeping with the Airway Device Evaluation Project Team guidance.3 In fact, our manikin study has been used as the foundation for a currently ongoing clinical trial. Finally, we were interested to discover that Karl Storz (Tuttlingen, Germany) are now in the process of considering the introduction of a stylet for use with their C-MAC D-blade. This could imply that our study may have not only come to the attention of one leading manufacturer of airway devices but perhaps even influenced this decision. Acknowledgements relating to this article Assistance with the reply: none. Financial support and sponsorship: there was no financial support. The C-MAC videolaryngoscope was loaned by Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany, for the duration of the study. Conflicts of interest: none.

The article presents the study results of obtaining a composite hydrated titanosilicate precipitate and its use for the synthesis of alkaline titanosilicates.

当社はデンマークに本社を置くポンプメーカーで，全世界で年間生産1,600万台を誇り，55か国で販売拠点を構えている。1945年の創業当時からサステナビリティに重要な価値を見いだし，安全な水の供給と省エネルギーへの取組みを続けてきた。当社が2015年に国連で採択されたSDGsの理念に基づき導入したスマートポンプは，目標13「気候変動に具体的な対策を」に寄与する省エネ製品である。当社が1973年に世界で初めて導入した立形多段うず巻ポンプに，ポンプの最適運転を可能にする制御コントローラ機能をポンプに搭載し，無駄な水消費だけでなく，ポンプシステム全体の最適化を実現し，省エネルギーに貢献する。また，電動機部は高効率電動機（IEC規格に基づく最高効率レベルIE5相当）で，エネルギー消費量を削減し無駄な水消費を抑えて最適なポンプ運転ができる「省エネ設計」となっている。