Newark Hospital

As members of the redox-flow battery (RFB) family, nonaqueous RFBs can offer a wide range of working temperature, high cell voltage, and potentially high energy density.

Recently, research studies in the fields of science and engineering are directed towards the synthesis, design, development, and consumption of environment-friendly chemical species to replace traditional toxic chemicals.

Coupling ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering to understand the formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derived humins.

A zinc–iron redox-flow battery is developed that uses low cost redox materials and delivers high cell performance, consequently achieving an unprecedentedly low system capital cost under $100 per kW h.

This communication reports the discovery of several small-pore Cu-zeolites and zeotypes that produce methanol from methane and water vapor, and produce more methanol per copper atom than Cu-ZSM-5 and Cu-mordenite. The new materials include Cu-SSZ-13, Cu-SSZ-16, Cu-SSZ-39, and Cu-SAPO-34.

Low-temperature direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs) can use carbon-neutral ammonia as a fuel, which has attracted increasing attention recently due to ammonia's low source-to-tank energy cost, easy transport and storage, and wide availability.

This perspective highlights recent progress on the design, synthesis and applications of thienylboranes as building blocks for new functional materials. Well-controlled synthetic protocols, such as boron-tin and boron-silicon exchange reactions, hydroboration of alkynyl groups, and electrophilic borylations provide opportunities to access thiophene-boranes that are chemically robust and display desirable photophysical properties, redox characteristics, and solid-state assembly behavior. Diverse protocols for further functionalization allow for facile integration into larger conjugated structures and even polymeric systems. Moreover, the strong Lewis acid character that is characteristic of trivalent boranes facilitates intra- and intermolecular Lewis acid-base interactions that can further enrich the chemical and electronic properties of thiophene-borane materials. Recent advances with respect to applications in sensing, organic electronics, and the development of molecular switches are also discussed.

Here, we report a novel highly sensitive wearable strain sensor based on a highly stretchable multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) fiber obtained via a wet spinning process. The MWCNT/TPU fiber showed the highest tensile strength and ultra-high sensitivity with a gauge factor (GF) of approximately 2800 in the strain range of 5-100%. Due to its high strain sensitivity of conductivity, this CNT-reinforced composite fiber was able to be used to monitor the weight and shape of an object based on the 2D mapping of resistance changes. Moreover, the composite fiber was able to be stitched onto a highly stretchable elastic bandage using a sewing machine to produce a wearable strain sensor for the detection of diverse human motions. We also demonstrated the detection of finger motion by fabricating a smart glove at the joints. Due to its scalable production process, high stretchability and ultrasensitivity, the MWCNT/TPU fiber may open a new avenue for the fabrication of next-generation stretchable textile-based strain sensors.

Velocity distributions, friction losses, and heat-transfer characteristics were studied analytically and experimentally for fully developed turbulent flow in tubes with twisted tape swirl generators. Data were obtained for pitch-to-diameter ratios from 3.62 to 22.0 with both air and water under isothermal and forced convection heating conditions. The following principal conclusions result: (a) The velocity field is helicoidal and corresponds to a forced vortex in the core superposed on an essentially uniform axial flow. (b) Friction losses may be predicted from the combined effects of the axial and tangential boundary-layer flows coupled with an additional “vortex-mixing” effect. (c) Approximate heat-transfer correlations can be predicted from a Colburn-type analysis. These may be improved by considering a boundary layer and vortex mixing model.

), which is much higher than those of other materials reported so far, including silver-doped adsorbents, inorganic porous materials, metal-organic frameworks, porous organic frameworks, and other COFs. Furthermore, a combined theoretical and experimental study, including DFT calculations, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, reveals the strong chemical interaction between iodine and the frameworks of the materials. Our study thus opens an avenue to construct functional COFs for a critical environment-related application.

Chikungunya fever is a viral infection transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes. Typical chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection results in an acute febrile illness characterized by severe joint pain and rash. Although chikungunya is generally not considered life threatening, atypical clinical manifestations resulting in significant morbidity have been documented, especially during epidemics. This review describes atypical manifestations following CHIKV infection reported in the literature, categorized as neurological, cardiovascular, skin, ocular, renal and other manifestations. The importance of vertical transmission from an infected mother resulting in neonatal infection is also highlighted. CHIKV infection can result in severe illness needing intensive care, with significant mortality. While there are many deaths reported which are directly attributable to CHIKV infection, background mortality is also increased during epidemics. In this context, considering CHIKV infection a benign and non fatal illness has to be revisited.

High sulfur content copolymers were prepared <italic>via</italic> inverse vulcanization of sulfur with 1,4-diphenylbutadiyne (DiPhDY) for use as the active cathode material in lithium–sulfur batteries.

Cross-coupling reactions are among the most powerful C-C and C-X bond forming tools in organic chemistry. Traditionally, cross-coupling methods rely on the use of aryl halides or pseudohalides as electrophiles. In the past three years, decarbonylative cross-couplings of amides have emerged as an attractive method for the construction of a wide variety of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds, allowing for the synthetically-valuable functional group inter-conversion of the amide bond. These previously elusive reactions hinge upon selective activation of the N-C(O) acyl amide bond, followed by CO extrusion, in a formal double N-C/C-C bond activation, to generate a versatile aryl-metal intermediate as an attractive alternative to traditional cross-couplings of aryl halides and pseudohalides. In this perspective review, we present recent advances and key developments in the field of decarbonylative cross-coupling reactions of amides as well as discuss future challenges and potential applications for this exciting field.

Amides are of fundamental interest in many fields of chemistry involving organic synthesis, chemical biology and biochemistry. Here, we report the first catalytic Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of both common esters and amides by highly selective C(acyl)-X (X = O, N) cleavage to rapidly access aryl amide functionality via a cross-coupling strategy. Reactions are promoted by versatile, easily prepared, well-defined Pd-PEPPSI type precatalysts, and proceed in good to excellent yields and with excellent chemoselectivity for the acyl bond cleavage. The method is user friendly because it employs commercially-available, moisture- and air-stable precatalysts. Notably, for the first time we demonstrate selective C(acyl)-N and C(acyl)-O cleavage/Buchwald-Hartwig amination under the same reaction conditions, which allows for streamlining amide synthesis by avoiding restriction to a particular acyl metal precursor. Of broad interest, this study opens the door to using a family of well-defined Pd(ii)-NHC precatalysts bearing pyridine "throw-away" ligands for the selective C(acyl)-amination of bench-stable carboxylic acid derivatives.

In this perspective, we survey recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of block copolymers, discuss several key materials opportunities enabled by block copolymers, and highlight some of the challenges that currently limit further realization of block copolymers in promising nanoscale applications. One significant challenge, especially as the complexity and functionality of designer macromolecules increases, is the requirement of multiple complementary techniques to fully characterize the resultant polymers and nanoscale materials. Thus, we highlight select characterization and theoretical methods and discuss how future advances can improve understanding of block copolymer systems. In particular, we consider the application of theoretical/simulation methods to the rationalization, and prediction, of observed experimental self-assembly phenomena. Finally, we explore several next steps for the field and emphasize some general areas of emerging research that could unlock additional opportunities for nanostructure-forming block copolymers in functional materials.

-Bu-indenyl)Pd(IPr)(Cl) precatalyst. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reactivity of generic amides and aryl esters can be correlated with barriers to isomerization around the C(acyl)-X (X = N, O) bond, thus providing a blueprint for the development of a broad range of novel coupling reactions of ester and amide electrophiles by the selective activation of C-O and C-N bonds.

O as the oxidant. The methanol production rate on Cu-SSZ-13 (on a per gram basis) was more than twice the rate on Cu-mordenite and more than four times the rate on Cu-ZSM-5.

This article discusses the formation of robust C–C linkages in lignin and proposes ways to avoid it.

Multistage dissolution experiments of humins, obtained from fructose dehydration, were performed in various solvents to investigate the solubility and molecular structure using spectroscopic, chromatography and mass spectrometric techniques.

Tin-, zirconium- and hafnium-containing siliceous Beta zeolite were investigated in the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of furfural under continuous flow conditions.