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Background: Assessment of femoral anteversion in children with cerebral palsy with two or three-dimensional computed tomography scans may be limited by both positional and anatomic variables. Three-dimensional computed tomography techniques are considered to be more accurate than two-dimensional imaging when the femur is not optimally positioned in the gantry or when the neck-shaft angle is increased. Methods: Computed tomography scanning was performed on a series of nine model femora with anteversion ranging from 20° to 60° and neck-shaft angles ranging from 120° to 160°. Each femoral model was scanned in two holding devices, the first of which held the femur in optimal alignment (normal model) and the second of which held the femur in flexion, adduction, and internal rotation (cerebral palsy model) relative to the gantry. Femoral anteversion was calculated for each model from two and three-dimensional computed tomography scans by four examiners on two separate occasions. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability, the accuracy, and the effect of increasing the neck-shaft angle on the accuracy of the measurements made on the two and three-dimensional scans of the normal and cerebral palsy models were then examined. Results: The mean differences in the measurements of femoral anteversion made by the same examiner (intraobserver reliability) were <2° for the two-dimensional scans of the normal and cerebral palsy models and the three-dimensional scans of the normal models, and the mean difference was <4° for the three-dimensional scans of the cerebral palsy models. The mean differences among examiners (interobserver reliability) were <3° for the two-dimensional scans of the normal and cerebral palsy models and the three-dimensional scans of the normal models, and the mean difference was <6° for the three-dimensional scans of the cerebral palsy models. The accuracy of the assessments of femoral anteversion of the normally aligned models was comparable between the two and three-dimensional scans. However, the three-dimensional assessment was significantly more accurate than the two-dimensional assessment for measurement of anteversion of the cerebral palsy models (p = 0.003). Accuracy within 5° was comparable between the two and three-dimensional scans for measurement of the normally aligned models, with 86% of the two-dimensional measurements and 78% of the three-dimensional measurements falling within 5° of the actual measurements. However, the accuracy within 5° was significantly compromised when the models were placed in cerebral palsy alignment. Only 3% of the two-dimensional measurements and 14% of the three-dimensional measurements fell within 5° of the actual measurements, with three-dimensional assessment being significantly better than two-dimensional assessment (p = 0.006). Increasing the neck-shaft angle did not significantly compromise the accuracy of measurement of femoral anteversion with either the two-dimensional or the three-dimensional technique (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions: When adequate alignment of the femur in the computed tomography scanner was possible, a simple two-dimensional technique exhibited excellent intraobserver and interobserver reliability and clinically acceptable accuracy within the relevant ranges of anatomic variability tested (neck-shaft angles of 120° to 160° and femoral anteversion of 20° to 60°). When optimal alignment of the femur in the scanner was not possible, neither two-dimensional nor three-dimensional techniques exhibited clinically acceptable accuracy for the measurement of femoral anteversion.

Abstract Historically, multiyear sea ice (MYI) covered a majority of the Arctic and circulated through the Beaufort Gyre for years. However, increased ice melt in the Beaufort Sea during the early 2000s was proposed to have severed this circulation. Constructing a regional MYI budget from 1997 to 2021 reveals that MYI import into the Beaufort Sea has increased year‐round, yet less MYI now survives through summer and is transported onwards in the Gyre. Annual average MYI loss quadrupled over the study period and increased from ∼7% to ∼33% of annual Fram Strait MYI export, while the peak in 2018 (385,000 km 2 ) was similar in magnitude to Fram Strait MYI export. The ice‐albedo feedback coupled with the transition toward younger thinner MYI is responsible for the increased MYI loss. MYI transport through the Beaufort Gyre has not been severed, but it has been reduced so severely to prevent it from being redistributed throughout the Arctic Ocean.

Ten established transfemoral amputees completed biomechanical tests after they had been fitted with a new prosthetic knee joint (test sessions: a few hours and 3 months after fitting). The required adaptation phase after fitting of a new prosthesis is frequently discussed. This phase is considered to be completed when the test result is no longer influenced by the patients’ learning processes. The study contributes to the understanding of the adaptation effects experienced prosthesis users require to master various motion patterns after being fitted with functionally new prosthetic knee joints. Biomechanical parameters (ground reaction forces, joint moments, and joint angles at the knee and the hip) were measured for level walking as well as ascending and descending ramps and stairs. For level walking, walking on ramps, and descending stairs, relevant differences in the parameters between the two tests could not be identified. For ascending stairs, the results of both tests showed obvious differences. The functions of a newly fitted prosthetic component can be intuitively used after a few hours of adaptation time if the motion patterns required are similar to that of the previous fitting. If specific functions require the learning of a motion, the learning processes will require a longer adaptation period.

Foot-loading patterns are one of the most direct measures of dynamic alignment during stance. By examining foot-loadingpatterns, clinicians can determine the sequence of contact points along the as weight is accepted. For example, a loadingpattern involving initial contact of the forefoot to the floor may give the clinician an objective indication of spasticity or ankle-joint range-of-motion limitations. This information would then better enable the clinician to make appropriate decisions aboutthe best course of treatment.Despite the usefulness of information about foot-loading patterns, the few published studies documenting neurologic patients'foot-loading patterns involve only the static examination of weightbearing when the is standing. In one such study it wasnoted that hemiplegic subjects bore significantly less weight through the involved leg, with less weight acceptance through theheel compared to age-matched normal control subjects (1). foot-ground pressure pattern (FGP) used in this studymeasures the pattern of weightbearing when the subject is standing quietly; it does not give information about how the isloaded as the subject progresses through stance phase.Ryerson discusses three patterns of loading in hemiplegic subjects as the patient progresses through stance (2). Thesedifferent patterns are the result of the patient's level of muscle tone as well as the range of motion available at the talocruraland subtalar joints (3). While knowledge of these three patterns of loading is clinically useful, they have not beenexperimentally validated, and therapists working to alter these loading patterns do not have objective ways to measureimprovement.Further research in the area of foot-loading patterns in neurologic patients is needed. Currently, no studies document theeffect of various orthotic devices on these patients' foot-loading patterns. Data from such research may help validate theeffectiveness of commonly used orthotic management procedures used by clinicians in treating these patients.Tone-inhibiting orthoses are widely pre scribed in neurorehabilitation. One of thc most clinically popular tone-inhibitingorthoses is the dynamic ankle-foot orthosis (DAFO), a thin, flexible supramalleolar orthosis with a custom-contouredsole-plate to include support and stabilization to the dynamic arches of the foot (4). DAFO was designed based on theconcept that the most important aspect of tone-inhibiting orthotics is obtaining neutral alignment of the ankle and (5). Thisdevice provides a supportive total contact exoskeleton that maintains neutral forefoot and subtalar joints while allowing gradedamounts of ankle eversion, inversion, plantarfiexion and dorsifiexion.The DAFO is widely used, particularly in the pediatric population, and has several unique features. First, it allows graded footmotion within the orthosis so normal balance reactions involving proximal musculature can occur. Second, by providingsupport of the foot's natural arches, weight is more equally distributed throughout the foot. Thus, stimulation of reflexesbetter approximates normal function (6-8). Third, DAFOs provide secure medial-lateral stability and midline positioning,resulting in improved grading of ankle plantar- and dorsiflexion. This stabilization has proven so effective, many clinicians havenoted a decrease in abnormal plantarfiexion in patients wearing DAFOs. In one case, a 15-year-old spastic diplegic patientwith a resistant heel-cord contracture gained 15 degrees of passive dorsiflexion with knee extension as a result of wearingDAFOs for three months (4).The clinical effects of management with DAFOs are very promising. In one study, a four-year-old boy with spastic diplegiashowed significant increases in the duration and efficiency of balanced standing when wearing DAFOs as compared to hisperformance without these orthoses (5). In another study, the effects of DAFOs were reported on a 69-year-old male who was18 months post-CVA, who had no voluntary movement at the or ankle, and who demonstrated forceful hyperextension ofthe knee when wearing a conventional AFO (9). Within one month of receiving his DAFO, the patient demonstrated active toeextension and showed a 10-degree increase in knee flexion during toe-off. author of this study attributed theseimprovements to the controlled mobility afforded by the DAFO. effects of DAFOs on the temporal variables of gait werereported in a single-subject study by Diamond (10). subject, a hemiplegic adult, showed significant increases in velocity,step length and stance time when wearing a DAFO as compared to his performance when barefoot. Although all of thesestudies are single-subject designs, the author of one such study defended this methodology by stating: The single-subject

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ABSTRACT Introduction Cephalometry is the measurement and study of the proportions of the head and face, and infant skull deformities have been the subject of many clinical studies over the last 30 years. Clinical protocols to document change are especially critical during periods of growth and development, but reference values and norms are lacking for infants, especially in the first year after birth. Discussion Key publications were reviewed by the authors to provide a narrative review of the 1) origin of the cephalic index (CI), 2) adaptations of the measure over time, 3) anatomical landmarks and alignments used, 4) clinical tools, 5) necessary considerations for different ethnic, sex, and cultural influences, 6) value and limitations of CI measurements, and 7) appropriate use of the CI in the documentation of infant skull deformities. The CI calculation has remained constant since the 1840s, although the cranial shape classifications have changed many times over the years. Conclusions Used in isolation, the two-dimensional (2D) and linear nature of the CI fails to describe the magnitude of the three-dimensional (3D) head deformity. However, the CI can and should be used in conjunction with other 2D and 3D measurements to provide a more detailed description and understanding of the entire cranial deformity. For today's cranial clinicians and allied health care professionals, the commonly referenced CI chart fails to reflect 1) the natural skull changes noted with supine sleeping infants, and 2) the cultural diversity of the infant population currently treated. Although the CI provides information about one of the most obvious features of the dysmorphology, clinicians must also document and report other distinct features such as frontal flattening or bossing, parietal shape or involvement, sloping, displacement, and/or posterior asymmetry. Clinical Relevance The CI should be used in conjunction with other 2D and 3D anthropometric measurements to provide a more detailed assessment of the entire cranial deformity. The CI results should be discussed with the medical team along with a complete review of other 2D and 3D measurements to determine the best course of action for orthotic treatment or nontreatment of the head shape.

Abstract The oil industry wrestled with the problem of gas migration after cementing for many years. As yet an extensive research has been carried out on the problem of gas migration. A lot of corresponding slurries were developed, and most of them have been used successfully in some districts but not total alleviation of the problem. The main reason is the lack of a method to evaluate the gas migration of cement slurries when considering actual well parameters. In this paper, based on previous art of the method to scale-down well parameters to laboratory for more realistic testing of cement recipes, by establishing the method of measuring cement slurries’ static gel strength to gain the development of the annular column hydrostatic pressure, a new method to evaluate the gas migration for cement slurries was developed. This method depends on the decline of upper annular column hydrostatic pressure, and can be used to evaluate the ability of the cement slurry in controlling gas migration. Several cement slurries were investigated by this method. The laboratory tests were presented with good repeatability, and could be used to test the ability of cement slurries in controlling gas migration. In field applications, this method has been used in designing cement recipes when cementing gas wells in Chuanyu Area of China. The ability of cement slurries in controlling gas migration has been tested. The field results were consistent with the laboratory tests, and demonstrated the method could be used to guide cement slurries design effectively.

A New Method to Evaluate the Gas Migration for Cement Slurries Zhu Haijin; Zhu Haijin CPOE Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Qu Jiansheng; Qu Jiansheng CPOE Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Liu Aiping; Liu Aiping CPOE Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Zou Jianlong; Zou Jianlong CPOE Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Xu Jiaxing Xu Jiaxing CPOE Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China, Beijing, China, June 2010. Paper Number: SPE-131052-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/131052-MS Published: June 08 2010 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Haijin, Zhu , Jiansheng, Qu , Aiping, Liu , Jianlong, Zou , and Xu Jiaxing. "A New Method to Evaluate the Gas Migration for Cement Slurries." Paper presented at the International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China, Beijing, China, June 2010. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/131052-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China Search Advanced Search Abstract The oil industry wrestled with the problem of gas migration after cementing for many years. As yet an extensive research has been carried out on the problem of gas migration. A lot of corresponding slurries were developed, and most of them have been used successfully in some districts but not total alleviation of the problem. The main reason is the lack of a method to evaluate the gas migration of cement slurries when considering actual well parameters.In this paper, based on previous art of the method to scale-down well parameters to laboratory for more realistic testing of cement recipes, by establishing the method of measuring cement slurries' static gel strength to gain the development of the annular column hydrostatic pressure, a new method to evaluate the gas migration for cement slurries was developed. This method depends on the decline of upper annular column hydrostatic pressure, and can be used to evaluate the ability of the cement slurry in controlling gas migration. Several cement slurries were investigated by this method. The laboratory tests were presented with good repeatability, and could be used to test the ability of cement slurries in controlling gas migration.In field applications, this method has been used in designing cement recipes when cementing gas wells in Chuanyu Area of China. The ability of cement slurries in controlling gas migration has been tested. The field results were consistent with the laboratory tests, and demonstrated the method could be used to guide cement slurries design effectively. Keywords: gel strength, cement recipe, fluid loss, gas migration test, slurry, test temperature, gas zone, procedure, cement property, gas migration Subjects: Casing and Cementing, Cement formulation (chemistry, properties) Copyright 2010, Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.

ABSTRACT Introduction Good communication between doctors and patients is an important element of care, with benefits for both patients and doctors. However, research also suggests that there are numerous and common problems related to poor communication that adversely affect patient outcomes. Unfortunately, similar research does not exist in orthotics and prosthetics. Hence, we reviewed the literature regarding good communication between doctors and patients to identify potential benefits for orthotists and prosthetists that may motivate them to use good communication in their clinical practice. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Google Scholar, as well as hand searching the references of included articles. Articles were reviewed, and the benefits of good communication to the medical provider were identified and extracted. The medical benefits identified were then considered in the context of a typical orthotic/prosthetic encounter. Results A total of 71 articles were included in this review, yielding 17 benefits to medical practitioners of using good patient-practitioner communication. These benefits were then classified into five beneficial themes that potentially apply to orthotics and prosthetics clinical practice: lessens the risk of litigation, makes efficient and effective use of appointment time, improves patient outcomes, improves patient satisfaction and increases referrals, and improves practitioner job satisfaction. Conclusions Our review of the literature suggests that benefits exist to the medical provider of using good patient-practitioner communication that are likely relevant to orthotic and prosthetic practitioners.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) as a fabrication method is ideally suited to merging the organic shapes of human anatomy with engineered components. Many early adopters are exploring the application of these technologies for the fabrication of 3D-printed sockets, but questions remain regarding the ability to fabricate strong, well-fitting definitive sockets. The goal of the present study was to examine the real-world effect of using 3D-printed sockets with regards to mobility, comfort, balance confidence, and user acceptance. Materials and Methods Nine veterans with transtibial amputations participated in the study, three each using pin, sealing sleeve, or seal-in liner for suspension. Participants had their conventional definitive socket duplicated using 3D printing. When the 3D-printed socket was ready, using their conventional socket, participants performed a 2-minute walk test, followed by socket comfort score and rating of perceived exertion (10-point scale), Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence, select subscales of the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire, and the Amputee Body Image Scale–Revised. After completing the baseline data, participants were fitted with the 3D-printed socket and, after using it for 2 weeks, we repeated the data collection. Results Three participants were not able to complete the study. No large differences were observed for any of the measures. Participants were generally satisfied with the fit of the 3D-printed sockets, but there were challenges with getting the 3D-printed sockets to support elevated vacuum with the sealing sleeve and seal-in liner suspension methods. Conclusions No differences in performance or user acceptance were identified for pin suspension, but the 3D-printed sockets were not able to reliably support suction or elevated vacuum; further development will be needed before they are ready for clinical application. Clinical Relevance The present study has demonstrated the ability to achieve satisfactory fit and outcomes using 3D printing to fabricate definitive prosthetic sockets, but the printing method was unable to deliver consistent air-tight sealing for suction or elevated vacuum suspension. Other 3D printing methods and some secondary processing steps may be able to correct this deficiency.

Purpose Valid and reliable measures of walking ability are needed to document the effectiveness of orthotic and therapeutic interventions for ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP). Selection of measures suited to evaluating children with CP can be informed by evidence of a measure's clinical utility and psychometric performance in the population of interest. The purpose of this review was to identify clinical measures that have been used to evaluate gait of children with CP, to review measures' evidence of psychometric testing, and to determine which measures are most appropriate for use with children with CP in a clinical setting. Materials and Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases were searched for measures with evidence of psychometric testing in children with CP. Results Eleven measures suitable for clinical administration were identified across 22 articles. Three measures had sufficient psychometric evidence to support clinical use in children with CP. Conclusions The 6-minute walk test, 10-meter walk test, and the Edinburgh Gait Scale are recommended for directly measuring walking capacity, speed, and rating walking form, respectively. Results of this review suggest that, although a range of measures exist for evaluating pediatric gait, additional work is needed to assess and document measures' psychometric properties in children with CP.

ABSTRACT Introduction A newly introduced generation of orthotic ankle joints with adjustable dorsiflexion and plantarflexion resistances and increased range of motion (ROM) has been well established in orthotic fittings of neurological patients with ankle foot orthoses. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether users of stance control orthoses (SCOs) may also benefit from this orthotic ankle joint principle using a biomechanical test design. Methods Six patients unilaterally fitted with an SCO (E-MAG Active) with the orthotic ankle joint NexGearTango (NGT; Ottobock, Duderstadt, Germany), an ankle joint representing the new principle, were enrolled in the study. The modular principle of the ankle joint allowed testing both the new functionality and the characteristics of a conventional orthotic ankle joint (CAJ; limited uncontrolled ROM). Level walking at slow, medium, and fast speed and with given short steps, ascending and descending a ramp with 10° inclination and standing (level ground as well as 10° incline and decline standing), were assessed while using NGT or CAJ, respectively. Kinematic and kinetic data were captured with an optoelectronic camera system and two force plates. Results The reliability of switching from stance to swing of the orthotic knee joint was clearly enhanced with NGT for short-step level walking and ascending ramps. For ascending ramps, a significantly increased dorsiflexion of 5° during stance and an earlier transition from decelerating to accelerating forces were found with NGT. When standing on slopes, the symmetry of weight distribution between the orthotic and unaffected limb was significantly increased with NGT. Conclusions The increased and resistance-controlled dorsiflexion of the new orthotic ankle joint principle resulted in relevant benefits in gait situations with unlevel conditions and higher demands. Therefore, this orthotic ankle joint principle may represent an additional option to optimize patient fittings with SCOs. Clinical Relevance Statement The use of the new orthotic ankle principle tested in the present study results in relevant benefits, especially in gait situations in unlevel conditions. Therefore, this principle represents an additional option to optimize patient fittings with SCOs.

The family Lernaeopodidae includes 14 genera parasitizing elasmobranchs. Fourteen species of this family have been cited from Argentina, four of which were found on chondrichthyans. Schroederichthys bivius Mller and Henle and Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus) from Argentina harbored parasitic copepods of the genus Lernaeopoda. The objective of this study was to identify the species using an integrative approach. The morphology was examined by Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy and the molecular analysis was based on partial sequences of the COI mtDNA gene. Despite differences in the antenna, antennule, mandible, maxilliped and maxillae among the specimens, the morphological and molecular analyses revealed that they belonged to Lernaeopoda bivia Leigh-Sharpe, 1930. The species so far reported for Argentina are L. bivia and L. galei Kryer, 1837, which are distinguished by the size (less and greater than 7 mm, respectively). Here, we report partial sequences of the COI mtDNA gene of L. bivia for the first time, obtained from eleven specimens attached to the mouth, fins, anal slit and claspers of the two shark hosts. The COI mtDNA gene tree shows that the Lernaeopoda group forms a sister clade with Pseudocharopinus bicaudatus (Kryer, 1837), while the genus Pseudocharopinus does not appear to be a natural group. We propose that the material described from Argentinean waters as L. galei was misidentified and actually belongs to L. bivia. The wide variability within the specimens of L. bivia emphasizes the importance of using an integrative approach to revise the taxonomy of the Lernaeopoda species from all over the world.

As oil and gas exploration and production extends to deeper buried reservoirs, challenges such as lower porosities and Ultra High Temperature have been encountered. Several reservoirs in the Asian region, the North Malay basins in the joint development area between Thailand and Malaysia, and the Baiyun Sag and Qiong Dongnan basin in offshore China are considered to have the highest known temperature gradients due to their geological depositional system and hydrocarbon charging mechanism. More than fifty percent of wells drilled in these areas have temperature close to/or higher than 170 degC, and some reach above 200 degC. In number a of projects in these areas, the logging requires tools that can withstand up to 230 degC. Traditional, wireline Formation Testers (FT) with fixed rate and volume pre-test and old sampling technique using a dumping chamber (i.e. without pumping capability) had been the standard formation tester when temperatures reached 400degF (204 degC) and higher. The tools were not flasked and therefore, the temperature transient affected the quality and accuracy of pressure data1,2. Also, in such harsh environment, it is very difficult and time consuming to go back to a good mobility station for sampling after pressure measurement, due to reservoir heterogeneity and depth error. This paper discusses a project for a new slim hole ultrahigh temperature Wireline Formation Tester designed to obtain both pressure profiles and perform downhole Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) *Trademark of Schlumberger fluid sampling with pump-out capability and downhole fluid sensors such as viscosity, density and resistivity in extreme HT environments. In addition, this slim hole ultrahigh temperature tool dimension has more clearance between the tool and formation, and therefore, less chance of having this tool get stuck during slim hole logging. The tool was first deployed in the North Malay Basin and since early 2018, new well head platform with five development wells were logged where a total of 76 pre-tests, four pump-out and ten fluid sampling stations were conducted. The main objectives for this FT tool were to obtain formation pressure, identify reservoir fluid and quantitative CO2 measurements zone by zone. The results will be discussed operationally and technically, in terms of data quality and accuracy and compared with on-site surface analysis. In addition, this tool improves significantly operationally compared to the previous tools and with some operators having mixed perceptions on running Wireline FT tool with bigger ODs, especially drilling departments, having this new slim hole with its smaller OD increases their confidence level in running it. For Deepwater Offshore China, an operator has been facing challenges to explore a brand-new block such as pore pressure distributions profile, reservoir quality, and extended logging period. The main objectives for the extreme FT are to obtain the formation pressure for drilling purpose, to understand reservoir potential to optimize the perforation interval for Drill Stem Test, and to narrow logging operation time window due to seasonal weather. This new ultra-high slim hole was therefore proposed to log in this challenging environment. This field example shows a significantly improved pre-test and sampling capability in the lower mobility ranges, which some previous generations of formation testers had struggled with in the past, in one run and without sacrificing testing efficiency The effective time for valid pretest can be achieved even in the range of mobility 0.01 mD/cp, high pressure of &amp;gt; 11000 psi, and high temperature of &amp;gt;180 degC. This paper discusses pre-job planning and actual job execution results in both locations. The challenges of logging and lesson learned are addressed. This is the first attempt in evaluating reservoirs in the deeper and HT sections to properly understand reservoir fluids.

ABSTRACT Introduction This case report describes orthotic design using computed tomography and three-dimensional printing technology combined with traditional orthotic modalities in a newborn patient with chondrodysplasia punctata and cervical spinal stenosis. At day 5 of life, the infant was referred for fitting with a prefabricated cervical collar. Because of the infant's unique stature and small size, traditional prefabricated devices could not be used. The spinal instability and critical nature of the infant prevented traditional methods of orthosis fabrication. A multidisciplinary team used imaging, 3D printing technology, and traditional orthosis fabrication methods to construct a cervical thoracic lumbosacral orthosis (CTLSO). Materials and Methods Using computed tomography scans, data-segmenting software, and a 3D printer, a life-sized model of the patient's upper body was constructed. Traditional plaster molding and high-temperature orthoplastic techniques were used to fabricate a custom cervical thoracic lumbosacral orthosis for spinal stabilization, necessary for safe patient transport and handling. Results The custom orthosis demonstrated proper fit and stability, as evidenced by postfitting scans. With orthosis in place, needed care could be provided to the patient more safely and efficiently. In addition, the infant could be held by the caregivers, increasing parental/infant bonding. Conclusions Technological advances, including the ability to use computer tomography scans in combination with three-dimensional printers, can be a safe and effective option in situations of difficult orthosis fabrication for medically fragile patients.

ABSTRACT Introduction Flexible flatfeet are commonly treated with functional foot orthoses (FFOs) and University of California Berkeley Laboratory (UCBL) designs. This study sought to evaluate the immediate effects of low-profile FFOs and high-profile UCBL orthoses on Foot Posture Index (FPI), spatiotemportal measures of gait, and perceived comfort and compliance in adults with flexible flatfeet. Materials and Methods Fourteen individuals with self-reported asymptomatic flexible flatfeet participated in this randomized cross-sectional study. Custom FFOs and UCBL orthoses were fabricated for each participant, who then walked at a self-selected speed in each condition on a Zeno Mat. Foot Posture Index, perceived comfort and compliance, and spatiotemporal parameters were collected across conditions. Results There were no significant differences in velocity, cadence, step length, stride width, toe-in/toe-out, or stance center of pressure distance percentage. Stance phase duration significantly increased from baseline to UCBL condition. There was a statistically significant decrease bilaterally in FPI from baseline to FFO and from baseline to UCBL orthosis, but not between FFO and UCBL orthosis. There were no significant differences in comfort and compliance ratings between FFOs and UCBL orthoses. Conclusions With regard to immediate effects, both the UCBL and FFO designs improve foot posture without significant impact on spatiotemporal gait patterns or perceived comfort and compliance. Additional research is needed to determine the longevity of these effects. Clinical Relevance The results of this study support the use of both FFOs and UCBL orthoses when trying to provide foot posture correction for adults with asymptomatic flexible flatfeet.

Two new species of Glaphyridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) are described from south western Turkey. Eulasia (Eulasia) ozdikmeni Uliana, Bollino & Sabatinelli, new species is distributed from the Isparta vilayet in the west, to the Mersin vilayet in the east, and was previously confused with Eulasia (Eulasia) montana (Reitter, 1890), a poorly known species from Diyarbakir area for which a lectotype is designated. Pygopleurus ozguri Uliana, Bollino & Sabatinelli, new species is an early-flying species only known from the surroundings of Karaman city (Karaman vilayet), and is peculiar for the shape of the male clypeus and paramera.

ABSTRACT Introduction There is currently no accepted test standard for prosthetic feet to demonstrate durability to impact loading such as that encountered in physically demanding professions (e.g., construction, farming, or military service). The goal of the study was to build a system to pilot test the impact resilience of a selection of prosthetic feet marketed for high-activity prosthesis users. Materials and Methods Three specimens each of nine prosthetic feet (n = 27 total) were selected by prosthetists at the Minneapolis VA Health Care System (with specifications in accordance with an associated human-subjects research study, n = 3). Maximum drop height without failure was used to assess impact resilience. Drop testing was performed using a custom system with an electromagnet to lift and release a weighted frame in increments of 10 cm until failure. The test specimens were organized into three sets, each with one specimen of each foot with the spring category for a particular user mass. Sets A, B, and C were tested with 45.9, 57.8, and 61.5 kg, respectively (101, 127, and 135 lb, respectively) simulating the mass of the user plus an added 22 kg (48 lb) of worn/carried load, then divided by two to represent even load distribution to both legs at impact. Results The feet withstood drop heights without failure ranging from 20 cm to 100 cm. The type of foot was found to significantly affect maximum drop height ( P = 0.014). Effect sizes for comparisons of individual feet range from 0.15 to 3.17 with the median effect size being 0.94, which is considered “large.” Conclusions The test system successfully measures impact resilience and is sensitive to foot type. Large effect sizes indicate substantial differences between prosthetic feet marketed for active prosthesis users.

Neri, Matteo1; Vaira, Dino1,*; Palli, Domenico1; Menegatti, Marcello1; Landi, Fabiana1; Saieva, Calogero1; Ricci, Chiara1; Gatta, Luigi1; Miglioli, Mario1 The Italian Helicobacter pylori Study Group Author Information