Tara Oceans Systems Ecology & Evolution

This data is the result of the primary analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition. The analysis was conducted using cutadapt/snakemake/dada2 and usearch. A full README is contained within the data upload. Taxonomic abundance tables (ASVs, OTUs) released together with the TARA Pacific publications can be found in Version 1.1.0 of this repository.

This data is the result of the primary analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition. The analysis was conducted using cutadapt/snakemake/dada2 and usearch. A full README is contained within the data upload. Taxonomic abundance tables (ASVs, OTUs) released together with the TARA Pacific publications can be found in Version 1.1.0 of this repository.

This data is the result of the primary analysis of the Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 rDNA gene sequencing data collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition.The analysis was conducted using SymPortal. A full README is contained within the data upload.

The tables in this dataset associate metabarcoding sequencing files generated by Genoscope (i.e. fastq.gz files with informative filename structures; with sequencing file pairs associated to unique 'readset' identifiers; housed on their FTP server at www.genoscope.cns.fr/sadc/tarapacific/METABARCODING; with the 'METAB' sequence strategy identifier as part of the sequencing file name) with their associated 'sample-id_source' identifier; as detailed in the 'TARA-PACIFIC_samples-provenance' file part of the 'Tara Pacific samples provenance and environmental context' Zenodo publication (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4068292) part of the 'tarapacific' Zenodo community). The main purpose of these tables is to act as a reference to identify samples (i.e., with a single 'sample-id_source') for which sequencing replication exists, per primer set (i.e., more than one set of fastq.gz sequencing files were generated, pre primer set). In the case of replication, these tables classify the replication into three classes color coded as green (same DNA extraction, same PCR, same sequencing run, different sequencing lane), yellow (same DNA extraction, same PCR, different sequencing run) and red (different DNA extraction and/or different PCR). It should be noted that in the vast majority of cases a 'sample-id_source' associates to only one readset per primer set. For a full description of the dataset, please see the included README.

The Tara Pacific expedition (2016-2018) sampled coral ecosystems at 111 sampling sites around 32 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and sampled the surface of oceanic waters at 249 locations, resulting in the collection of nearly 58,000 samples (Gorsky et al. 2019, Planes et al. 2019, Flores et al. 2020). The expedition was designed to systematically study corals, fish, plankton, and seawater, and included the collection of samples for advanced biogeochemical, molecular, and imaging analysis. Here we provide a high-resolution historical dataset that spans from 2002 to each sites’ sampling date and gives an overview of past climate variability and heatwaves experienced by corals sampled at each site. Ocean skin temperature (11 and 12 µm spectral bands longwave algorithm) was extracted from 1km resolution level-2 MODIS-Aqua and MODIS-Terra from 2002 to the sampling date and from level-2 VIIRS-SNPP from 2012 to the sampling date. Day and night overpasses were used to maximize data recovery. Following recommendations from NASA Ocean Color (OB.DAAC), only SST products of quality 0 and 1 were used. The 9 closest pixels to the sampling sites of each scene were extracted. All the extracted pixels from the 3 satellites were then averaged daily to obtain daily SST averages and standard deviations time series for each sampling site, from 2002 to the sampling date. Each time series was first averaged on a Julian day basis to provide a seasonal average. This yearly seasonal average was triplicated and concatenated into a 3-year seasonal cycle to apply a digital low pass filter on the middle year without generating artifacts. A digital low pass filter (filter order 3, pass band ripple 0.1; “filfilt” function in matlab) with 36 Julian days windows was applied to the concatenated time series to remove high frequency noise. The middle year was then extracted from the concatenated time series to recover the seasonal cycle. The sea surface temperature anomaly was calculated as the SST minus the seasonal cycle over the full time series. Considering the short periods of missing data (mean of the 95th percentile of the duration of consecutive days with missing data: 9.8 ± 4.1 days), the missing values in the SST and SST anomaly time series were linearly interpolated in order to calculate thermal stress indices. The SST anomaly frequency was calculated as the number of days over the past 52 weeks when the SST anomaly is greater than or equal to 1 °C. Thermal stress indices relevant to coral reef health were then calculated using methodology developed for the Coral Reef Temperature Anomaly Database (CoRTAD) data base (Saha et al. 2019). Events of cold temperature accumulation were also reported to cause bleaching and mortality (Lirman et al. 2011; González-Espinosa & Donner 2020), therefore, the same set of indices were calculated for cold stress adapting the CoRTAD method, but using the minimum weekly climatologies. A condensed table containing single values associated with each sampling site was created ('TaraPacific_SST_timeseries_mean_products') extracting the minimum, maximum, sum, averages, standard deviations, and value recorded at the sampling day of each of these indices (detailed in the readme file provided with the dataset 'README_TaraPacific_historical_SST.md'). Additional metrics of the last heating and cooling events as well as the time of recovery is also provided to represent the state of thermal stress at the day of sampling.

This data is the result of the primary analysis of the Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 rDNA gene sequencing data collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition.The analysis was conducted using SymPortal. A full README is contained within the data upload.

This data is the result of the primary analysis of the 18SV9 sequencing data and photos associated with the Coral Diversity dataset collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition. A full README is contained within the data upload.

The Tara Pacific expedition (2016-2018) sampled coral ecosystems around 32 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and sampled the surface of oceanic waters at 249 locations, resulting in the collection of nearly 58,000 samples (Gorsky et al. 2019, Planes et al. 2019, Flores et al. 2020). The expedition was designed to systematically study corals, fish, plankton, and seawater, and included the collection of samples for advanced biogeochemical, molecular, and imaging analysis. Here we provide the continuous dataset originating from the hyperspectral and multispectral spectrophotometers [ACS] instruments acquiring continuously during the full course of the campaign. Surface seawater was pumped continuously through a hull inlet located 1.5 m under the waterline using a membrane pump (10 LPM; Shurflo), circulated through a vortex debubbler, a flow meter, and distributed to a number of flow-through instruments. An [ACS] spectrophotometer (WETLabs) measured hyper-spectral (4 nm resolution) attenuation and absorption in the visible and near infrared except between Panama and Tahiti where an AC-9 multispectral spectrophotometer (WETLabs) was used instead. The flow was automatically directed through a 0.2 µm filter for 10 minutes every hour before being circulated through the spectrophotometer to eliminate the impact of biofouling and instrument drift and estimate particulate absorption [ap] and attenuation [cp] (Slade et al. 2010). Chlorophyll a content was estimated from particulate absorption line height at 676 nm (Boss et al. 2001). The particulate organic carbon concentration [poc] was estimated using an empirical relation (Gardner et al. 2006) between measured [poc] and measured [cp]. An indicator for size distribution of particles between 0.2 and ~20 µm [gamma] was calculated from [cp] (Boss et al 2001). The data was processed with custom software for underway optical data (InLineAnalysis software available on GitHub). The detailed information regarding the data processing is given in the processing report attached with the data and in Lombard et al. (In prep.). These results are preliminary: no matchup with in-situ chlorophyll from HPLC or [poc] measurements were performed.

<strong>Summary</strong> To obtain a proxy for the stress level of collected corals, we checked for previous occurrences of bleaching events at sampled reef sites by matching island GPS coordinates to the Reef Check dataset (reefcheck.org) obtained from Sully et al (2019). For each Tara Pacific island coordinate, we determined the Reef Check site that was closest (in terms of distance in km); we only considered Reef Check data that was within a 10 km circumference. We further determined short- and long-term climate variables that are known to affect coral stress resilience for all <em>Tara</em> Pacific collection sites that are available from Lombard et al (2022). These data allow to assess if corals from a given site were exposed higher/lower prevalence of thermal stress events and bleaching prior to sampling (over previous years). <strong>References</strong> Sully, S., Burkepile, D. E., Donovan, M. K., Hodgson, G. &amp; van Woesik, R. A global analysis of coral bleaching over the past two decades. <em>Nature Communications</em> <strong>10</strong>, 1264 (2019). Fabien Lombard, Guillaume Bourdin, Stephane Pesant, Sylvain Agostini, Alberto Baudena, Emilie Boissin, Nicolas Cassar, Megan Clampitt, Pascal Conan, Ophélie Da Silva, Celine Dimier, Eric Douville, Amanda Elineau, Jonathan Fin, J. Michel Flores, Jean François Ghiglione, Benjamin C.C. Hume, Laetitia Jalabert, Seth G. John, Rachel L. Kelly, Ilan Koren, Yajuan Lin, Dominique Marie, Ryan McMinds, Zoé Mériguet, Nicolas Metzl, David A. Paz-García, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Julie Poulain, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Josephine Ras, Gilles Reverdin, Sarah Romac, Eric Röttinger, Assaf Vardi, Christian R. Voolstra, Clémentine Moulin, Guillaume Iwankow, Bernard Banaigs, Chris Bowler, Colomban de Vargas, Didier Forcioli, Paola Furla, Pierre E. Galand, Eric Gilson, Stéphanie Reynaud, Shinichi Sunagawa, Olivier Thomas, Romain Troublé, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Patrick Wincker, Didier Zoccola, Denis Allemand, Serge Planes, Emmanuel Boss, Gaby Gorsky. Open science resources from the Tara Pacific expedition across the surface ocean and coral reef ecosystems. <em>Submitted</em> (2022)

This dataset contains 4 tables and 3 sets of figures related to the primary analysis of the 18S metabarcoding sequencing output. This dataset is only concerned with the identity of the coral host (i.e. not additional protist diversity). The samples included in this dataset have a 'sample-material_label' value of 'CORAL' and 'sampling-protocol_label' value of 'SEQ-CS4L'. They represent the coral samples collected at all 32 of the islands visited in the Tara Pacific expedition.

<strong>Summary</strong> To obtain a proxy for the stress level of collected corals, we checked for previous occurrences of bleaching events at sampled reef sites by matching island GPS coordinates to the Reef Check dataset (reefcheck.org) obtained from Sully et al (2019). For each Tara Pacific island coordinate, we determined the Reef Check site that was closest (in terms of distance in km); we only considered Reef Check data that was within a 10 km circumference. We further determined short- and long-term climate variables that are known to affect coral stress resilience for all <em>Tara</em> Pacific collection sites that are available from Lombard et al (2022). These data allow to assess if corals from a given site were exposed higher/lower prevalence of thermal stress events and bleaching prior to sampling (over previous years). <strong>References</strong> Sully, S., Burkepile, D. E., Donovan, M. K., Hodgson, G. &amp; van Woesik, R. A global analysis of coral bleaching over the past two decades. <em>Nature Communications</em> <strong>10</strong>, 1264 (2019). Fabien Lombard, Guillaume Bourdin, Stephane Pesant, Sylvain Agostini, Alberto Baudena, Emilie Boissin, Nicolas Cassar, Megan Clampitt, Pascal Conan, Ophélie Da Silva, Celine Dimier, Eric Douville, Amanda Elineau, Jonathan Fin, J. Michel Flores, Jean François Ghiglione, Benjamin C.C. Hume, Laetitia Jalabert, Seth G. John, Rachel L. Kelly, Ilan Koren, Yajuan Lin, Dominique Marie, Ryan McMinds, Zoé Mériguet, Nicolas Metzl, David A. Paz-García, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Julie Poulain, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Josephine Ras, Gilles Reverdin, Sarah Romac, Eric Röttinger, Assaf Vardi, Christian R. Voolstra, Clémentine Moulin, Guillaume Iwankow, Bernard Banaigs, Chris Bowler, Colomban de Vargas, Didier Forcioli, Paola Furla, Pierre E. Galand, Eric Gilson, Stéphanie Reynaud, Shinichi Sunagawa, Olivier Thomas, Romain Troublé, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Patrick Wincker, Didier Zoccola, Denis Allemand, Serge Planes, Emmanuel Boss, Gaby Gorsky. Open science resources from the Tara Pacific expedition across the surface ocean and coral reef ecosystems. <em>Submitted</em> (2022)

The Tara Pacific expedition (2016-2018) sampled coral ecosystems around 32 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and sampled the surface of oceanic waters at 249 locations, resulting in the collection of nearly 58,000 samples (Gorsky et al. 2019, Planes et al. 2019, Flores et al. 2020). The expedition was designed to systematically study corals, fish, plankton, and seawater, and included the collection of samples for advanced biogeochemical, molecular, and imaging analysis. Here we provide the continuous dataset originating from the hyperspectral and multispectral spectrophotometers [ACS] instruments acquiring continuously during the full course of the campaign. Surface seawater was pumped continuously through a hull inlet located 1.5 m under the waterline using a membrane pump (10 LPM; Shurflo), circulated through a vortex debubbler, a flow meter, and distributed to a number of flow-through instruments. An [ACS] spectrophotometer (WETLabs) measured hyper-spectral (4 nm resolution) attenuation and absorption in the visible and near infrared except between Panama and Tahiti where an AC-9 multispectral spectrophotometer (WETLabs) was used instead. The flow was automatically directed through a 0.2 µm filter for 10 minutes every hour before being circulated through the spectrophotometer to eliminate the impact of biofouling and instrument drift and estimate particulate absorption [ap] and attenuation [cp] (Slade et al. 2010). Chlorophyll a content was estimated from particulate absorption line height at 676 nm (Boss et al. 2001). The particulate organic carbon concentration [poc] was estimated using an empirical relation (Gardner et al. 2006) between measured [poc] and measured [cp]. An indicator for size distribution of particles between 0.2 and ~20 µm [gamma] was calculated from [cp] (Boss et al 2001). The data was processed with custom software for underway optical data (InLineAnalysis software available on GitHub). The detailed information regarding the data processing is given in the processing report attached with the data and in Lombard et al. (In prep.). These results are preliminary: no matchup with in-situ chlorophyll from HPLC or [poc] measurements were performed.

This data is the result of the primary analysis of the ITS2 sequencing data associated with the Coral Diversity dataset collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition. A full README is contained within the data upload. In this new release the following things were amended: Host annotations were filled in as complete as possible, ‘ND’ in cases without information This included adding missing higher taxonomic ranks sp. was added in the host_species column in cases where species was unknown but genus was annotated Where no information on host taxon was available other than ‘coral_field’, Cnidaria was added as the taxonomic annotation Collection depth was added, ranges were allowed, ‘nav’ in cases where no data was available SymPortal submission metadatasheet added to release, containing above information

This data is the result of the primary analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition. The analysis was conducted using cutadapt/snakemake/dada2 and usearch. A full README is contained within the data upload.

This data is the result of the primary analysis of the ITS2 sequencing data associated with the Coral Diversity dataset collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition. A full README is contained within the data upload. In this new release the following things were amended: Host annotations were filled in as complete as possible, ‘ND’ in cases without information This included adding missing higher taxonomic ranks sp. was added in the host_species column in cases where species was unknown but genus was annotated Where no information on host taxon was available other than ‘coral_field’, Cnidaria was added as the taxonomic annotation Collection depth was added, ranges were allowed, ‘nav’ in cases where no data was available SymPortal submission metadatasheet added to release, containing above information

This data is the result of the primary analysis of the ITS2 sequencing data associated with the Coral Diversity dataset collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition. A full README is contained within the data upload.

The tables in this dataset associate metabarcoding sequencing files generated by Genoscope (i.e. fastq.gz files with informative filename structures; with sequencing file pairs associated to unique 'readset' identifiers; housed on their FTP server at www.genoscope.cns.fr/sadc/tarapacific/METABARCODING; with the 'METAB' sequence strategy identifier as part of the sequencing file name) with their associated 'sample-id_source' identifier; as detailed in the 'TARA-PACIFIC_samples-provenance' file part of the 'Tara Pacific samples provenance and environmental context' Zenodo publication (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4068292) part of the 'tarapacific' Zenodo community). The main purpose of these tables is to act as a reference to identify samples (i.e., with a single 'sample-id_source') for which sequencing replication exists, per primer set (i.e., more than one set of fastq.gz sequencing files were generated, pre primer set). In the case of replication, these tables classify the replication into three classes color coded as green (same DNA extraction, same PCR, same sequencing run, different sequencing lane), yellow (same DNA extraction, same PCR, different sequencing run) and red (different DNA extraction and/or different PCR). It should be noted that in the vast majority of cases a 'sample-id_source' associates to only one readset per primer set. For a full description of the dataset, please see the included README.

This dataset contains 27 MAGs from the family of Endozoicomonadaceae generated from a subset of Tara Pacific metagenomes. Contextual information of the MAGs can be found in the associated publication: <strong>Ecology of Endozoicomonadaceae in three coral species across the Pacific Ocean</strong>, Hochart et al, submitted

This dataset contains 27 MAGs from the family of Endozoicomonadaceae generated from a subset of Tara Pacific metagenomes. Contextual information of the MAGs can be found in the associated publication: <strong>Ecology of Endozoicomonadaceae in three coral species across the Pacific Ocean</strong>, Hochart et al, submitted

This data is the result of the primary analysis of the 18SV9 sequencing data and photos associated with the Coral Diversity dataset collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition. A full README is contained within the data upload.