United States Army Combined Arms Center

This case report involving a 20-year-old male in the military serves as a reminder that not every individual presenting with musculoskeletal dysfunction has a simple uncomplicated musculoskeletal problem. Always consider acute exertional rhabdomyolysis (AER) as a differential diagnosis in patients who have performed intense exercise recently and are now complaining of muscle pain and weakness, especially if they have any of the AER risk factors discussed in this report (poor physical condition, exercising in a hot, humid environment, and poor fluid intake). These patients have an excellent prognosis if AER is caught early and treated aggressively. However, serious complications can occur if AER is overlooked or dismissed as delayed onset muscle soreness. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33(3):104–108.

The current study examines the relative contributions of cognitions and moods with U.S. military personnel under traumatic stress conditions. Soldiers exposed to traumatic stress conditions reported significantly elevated psychological symptoms. Both cognitive appraisal styles and mood states were related to trait resilience. Both appraisal and mood mediated the relationship between trait resilience and psychological adjustment. Current mood states were a significant predictor of psychological adjustment beyond the trait of resilience and aspects of cognitive appraisal. Positive affect did relate to better psychological adjustment even under traumatic stress conditions.

OBJECTIVE: The current investigation sought to define the relationship between established performance validity tests and measures of memory via a factor analytic strategy first published by Heyanka, Thaler, Linck, Pastorek, Miller, Romesser, & Sim (2015). A Factor analytic approach to the validation of the Word Memory Test and Test of Memory Malingering as measures of effort and not memory. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30, 369-376. METHOD: The full range of Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) and Non-Verbal Medical Symptom Validity Test (NV-MSVT) subtests were factor analyzed with the memory scales of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) in a sample of 346 service members with a history of concussion. RESULTS: A two-factor solution was extracted with the MSVT and NV-MSVT effort and paired associate subtests loading on one factor and the RBANS subtests loading on a second factor. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the conclusion that the effort subtests of the MSVT and NV-MSVT tap a different construct from established memory measures.

This paper discusses a novel approach that addresses the problem of supporting the Commander's dynamic information requirements through automation of the Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP) for time-constrained environments and training purposes, as part of the Tactical Human Integration of Networked Knowledge (THINK) Army Technology Objective - Research (ATO-R) initiative. We demonstrate this capability with automated user support for the execution of battle drills. Our approach is based on adapting the R-CAST cognitively-inspired agent architecture towards a context-aware anticipation of information requirements. R-CAST is a computational model of the Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) model, which models human decision making under time stress. R-CAST agents support and collaborate with human decision making teams as both “smart aids” and “effective teammates” by anticipating, investigating, seeking, and interpreting information relevant to decision making. A key feature of R-CAST is that the proactive sharing of information relevant to decision making is automatically generated by the computational RPD model. The fundamental research question being addressed is whether the inclusion of R-CAST in Army staff processes improves said staff understanding and execution of battle tasks. We adapted R-CAST to Battle Drill #26 (i.e., responding to an IED event) as a proof of concept for team decision making under stress and constant switching of modalities. We demonstrate that the use of R-CAST cognitive agents effectively assists the Battle Manager in the S3 cell with auto-filling certain forms required by doctrine in response to the dynamism of the current state of the environment, improving cognitive performance in this task. Our novel approach integrates relevant context in communication, information, and socio-cognitive networks, coupled with cognitive modeling. We report initial findings that we can use the R-CAST cognitive framework to effectively and efficiently develop individual intelligent training tools that understand and support the dynamic information requirements of Commanders.

IN DECEMBER 1883, Habsburg political and military leaders met in crisis session to discuss the situation in Serbia. Serious rioting threatened to. topple the friendly government of Prince Milan Obrenović, which two and a half years earlier had concluded a secret agreement in Vienna that made the country a dependency of the Habsburg Monarchy. The Serbian war ministry had rushed troops from the large Belgrade garrison to the troubled areas and had placed the two battalions that remained in the capital on a war footing in an attempt to ensure continued calm. Alarmed by these drastic measures, an Austro-Hungarian crown council, although not obligated to do so under existing treaties with Belgrade, authorized the commitment of Habsburg military forces should unrest escalate to revolution in Serbia.

This section presents a review of the scientific literature published in 2019 on topics relating to distributed treatment systems. This review is divided into the following sections: constituent removal, treatment technologies, planning and treatment management, and other topics. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Highlights changes and innovation in removal techniques and technologies in water treatment. Reviews management systems of distributed treatment systems. Discusses point-of-use treatment systems.

The US Army has identified the need for C2 and M&S interoperability to support a number of capabilities including, training, planning, mission rehearsal, and operations. There are many major challenges to meeting the objective of interoperability including differences in architecture products, synchronization of development schedules, and difficulties in establishing cross domain standards and common, reusable products and components.The US Army chartered the Simulation to C4I Interoperability (SIMCI) Overarching Integrated Product Team (OIPT) in 2000 to address these issues in a long-term organized fashion and to make interoperability recommendations to senior Army leadership. Since that time, SIMCI has experienced numerous successes and continues to evolve with new programs and technologies as the DoD transitions to the net-centric environment.This paper will provide a detailed description of the SIMCI OIPT, consisting of members from over 25 organizations, and its unique approach, balancing technical and programmatic solutions, to solving interoperability problems. We will describe these challenges as they impact programs implementing interoperable systems, articulate the real world problems that interoperability between the C2 and M&S domains impact, and describe a SIMCI strategic plan for addressing the future challenges that major new programs, such as the Future Combat Systems program will face. Examples of interoperability solutions relating to standard data models such as the Joint Consultation, Command and Control Data Model (JC3IEDM) and synchronized initialization of Army Battle Command Systems (ABCS) and M&S systems are given.

Jersey Blue: Civil War Politics in New Jersey, 1854–1865. By J. William Gillette.The Arming of Europe and the Making of the First World War. By David G. Herrmann.The Humiliation of Sinners: Public Penance in Thirteenth‐Century France. By Mary C. Mansfield.Cotton, Colonialism and Social History in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Edited by Allen Isaacman and Richard Roberts.Cotton is the Mother of Poverty: Peasants, Work and Rural Struggle in Colonial Mozambique, 1938–1961. By Allen Isaacman.Two Worlds of Cotton: Colonialism and the Regional Economy in the French Soudan, 1800–1946. By Richard L. Roberts.London and the Invention of the Middle East: Money, Power, and War, 1902–1922. By Roger Adelson.The Decolonization of Africa. By David Birmingham.Islam: The View from the Edge. By Richard W. Bulliet.The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic. By Mohsen M. Milani.When the Yankees Came: Conflict and Chaos in the Occupied South, 1861–1865. By Stephen V. Ash.A Righteous Crusade: The Life of William Jennings Bryan. By Robert W. Cherny.Haiti, History and the Gods. By Joan Dayan.Before Equal Suffrage: Women in Partisan Politics from Colonial Times to 1920. By Robert J. Dinkin.Muhammad Ali: The People's Champ. Edited with an introduction by Elliot J. Gorn.America in the World: The Historiography of American Foreign Relations since 1941. Edited by Michael J. Hogan.Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness. By Suellen Hoy.Benjamin Franklin: Politician. By Francis Jennings.The Devious Dr. Franklin, Colonial Agent: Benjamin Franklin's Years in London. By David T. Morgan.In Adamless Eden: The Community of Women Faculty at Wellesley. By Patricia Ann Palmieri.Smoldering City: Chicagoans and the Great Fire, 1871–1874. By Karen Sawislak.Bad Women: Regulating Sexuality in Early American Cinema. By Janet Staiger.Ken Burns's “The Civil War”: Historians Respond. Edited by Robert Brent Toplin.Look for the Union Label: A History of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. By Gus Tyler.Free to All: Carnegie Libraries & American Culture, 1890–1920. By Abigail A. Van Slyck.Roots of American Racism: Essays on the Colonial Experience. By Alden T. Vaughan.Beyond Labor's Veil: The Culture of the Knights of Labor. By Robert E. Weir.Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. By Carol Willis.An Unspeakable Sadness: The Dispossession of the Nebraska Indians. By David J. Wishart.Into the Jet Age: Conflict and Change in Naval Aviation, 1945–1975: An Oral History. Edited by E. T. Wooldridge.Law and the Great Plains: Essays on the Legal History of the Heartland. Edited, with an introduction, by John R. Wunder.Judicial Enigma: The First Justice Harlan. By Tinsley E. Yarbrough.The Meiji Unification through die Lens of Ishikawa Prefecture. By James C. Baxter.Sowing the Seeds of Democracy in China: Political Reform in the Deng Xiaoping Era. By Merle Goldman.Cherishing Men from Afar: Qing Guest Ritual and the Macartney Embassy of 1793. By James L. Hevia.Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan. By Gary P. Leupp.Japan's First Modern War: Army and Society in the Conflict with China, 1894–95. By Stewart Lone.Jawaharlal Nehru: Rebel and Statesman. By B. R. Nanda.The Fall of Hong Kong: China's Triumph & Britain's Betrayal. By Mark Roberti.Traders and Raiders on China's Northern Frontier. By Jenny F. So and Emma C. Bunker.Discourses on the First Book of the Histories. By James A. Arieti.Frederick William IV and the Prussian Monarchy, 1840–1861. By David E. Barclay.The Force of Labour: The Western European Labour Movement and the Working Class in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Stefan Berger and David Broughton.Geneva, Zurich, Basel: History, Culture, and National Identity. By Nicolas Bouvier, Gordon A. Craig, and Lionel Gossman.History and the Shaping of Irish Protestantism. By Desmond Bowen.Clement Attlee. By Jerry H. Brookshire.Absolute Monarchy and the Stuart Constitution. By Glenn Burgess.German Cultural Studies, An Introduction. Edited, with an introduction, by Rob Burns.The State in Early Modern France. By James B. Collins.LSE: A History of the London School of Economics and Political Science 1895–1995. By Ralf Dahrendorf.The Strategy of the Lloyd George Coalition, 1916–1918. By David French.Promises Broken: Courtship, Class, and Gender in Victorian England. By Ginger S. Frost.Cargoes, Embargoes, and Emissaries: The Commercial and Political Interaction of England and the German Hanse, 1450–1510. By John D. Fudge.When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler. By David M. Glantz and Jonathan House.Low and Family in Late Antiquity: The Emperor Constantine's Marriage Legislation. By Judith Evans Grubbs.Strategic Deception in the Second World War: British Intelligence Operations Against the German High Command. By Michael Howard.Graziers, Land Reform, and Political Conflict in Ireland. By David Seth Jones.The Oldest Dead White European Males, and Other Reflections on the Classics. By Bernard Knox.Frederick III: Germany's Liberal Emperor. By Patricia A. Kollander.Political Rhetoric, Power, and Renaissance Women. Edited by Carole Levin and Patricia A. Sullivan.The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path of Independence. By Anatol Lieven.Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics and Culture in Britain. Edited by William Roger Louis.Caesar: A Biography. By Christian Meier. Translated by David McLintock.Queen Victoria's Secrets. By Adrienne Munich.Unspoken Bequest: The Contribution of German Jews to German Culture. By Hugo Munsterberg.Britain and the Last Tsar: British Policy and Russia, 1894–1917. By Keith Neilson.Pretenders and Popular Monarchism in Early Modern Russia. The False Tsars of the Time of Troubles. By Maureen Perrie.The Iron Ring. Volume III, Lenin: A Political Life. By Robert Service.Colonial Masculinity: The “Manly Englishman” and the “Effeminate Bengali” in the Late Nineteenth Century. By Mrinalini Sinha.Naples in the Time of Cholera, 1884–1911. By Frank M. Snowden.Herodotus and the Origins of the Political Community: Arion's Leap. By Norma Thompson.Lenin: A New Biography. By Dmitri Volkogonov. Translated by Harold Shukman.Ideology of Death: Why the Holocaust Happened in Germany. By John Weiss.Fascist Italy. By John Whittam.Men in Black. By John Harvey.Monitoring the World Economy, 1820–1992. By Angus Maddison.The Ironist's Cage: Memory, Trauma, and the Construction of History. By Michael S. Roth.Civilizations and World Systems: Studying World‐Historical Change. Edited by Stephen K. Sanderson.

The United States Army is investing in simulations as a way of providing practice for leader decision making. Such simulations, grounded in lessons learned from deployment experienced leaders, place less experienced and more junior leaders in challenging situations they might soon be confronted with. And given increased demands on the Army to become more efficient, while maintaining acceptable levels of mission readiness, simulations offer a cost effective complement to live field training. So too, the design parameters of such a simulation can be made to reinforce specific behavior responses which teach leaders known theory and application of effective (and ineffective) decision making. With this in mind, the Center for Army Leadership (CAL) determined that decision-making was of critical importance. Specifically, the following aspects of decision-making were viewed as particularly important for today's Army leaders: 1) Decision dilemmas, in the form of equally appealing or equally unappealing choices, such that there is no clear right or wrong choice 2) Making decisions with incomplete or ambiguous information, and 3) Predicting and experiencing second- and third-order consequences of decisions. It is decision making in such a setting or environment that Army leaders are increasingly confronted with given the full spectrum of military operations they must be prepared for. This paper details the approach and development of this decision making simulation.

During the Cold War, the simplicity of the Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-9 Sidewinder, as well as its potential for growth, allowed it to continually adapt to the changing times. Whether destroying Communist aircraft to facilitate U.S. national security interests, deterring potential Eastern Bloc aggression in Europe, or allowing U.S. allies to seize air superiority during combat operations, the Sidewinder represents a ubiquitous element of airpower for Western interests. As such, it deserves to be recognized as a key component of the U.S. Cold War-era military technology and one of the nation’s greatest military investments.

O presente artigo oferece uma breve análise dos novos desafios impostos às forças armadas dos EUA, diante de inimigos dotados de poderio bélico equiparado. Uma abordagem ortodoxa da nova doutrina do Exército norte-americano, denominada Operações em Múltiplos Domínios, pode contribuir para o insucesso nos níveis político e estratégico, ainda que lhes assegure a vitória tática no campo de batalha.

Consolidating gains is an integral part of combat operations that leverages tactical, operational, and strategic level advantages to retain the initiative and create irreversible momentum towards the desired end state (TRADOC, 2017). How successfully armed forces consolidate their gains often informs the outcome for how a conflict is viewed today. Successfully consolidating gains in NATO operations have a clear impact at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels of war. By increasing the importance of consolidating gains and incorporating the consolidation area as a new geographic framework within Alliance doctrine, NATO will be better prepared to maintain the initiative, while creating the required momentum to achieve the military and political end state.

Consolidating gains is an integral part of combat operations that leverages tactical, operational, and strategic level advantages to retain the initiative and create irreversible momentum towards the desired end state (TRADOC, 2017). How successfully armed forces consolidate their gains often informs the outcome for how a conflict is viewed today. Successfully consolidating gains in NATO operations have a clear impact at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels of war. By increasing the importance of consolidating gains and incorporating the consolidation area as a new geographic framework within Alliance doctrine, NATO will be better prepared to maintain the initiative, while creating the required momentum to achieve the military and political end state.

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