University System of Ohio

OBJECTIVE: Eating disorders (EDs) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are highly co-occurring. This comorbidity is extremely relevant, given that individuals with comorbid ED-SAD are less likely to seek and/or benefit from ED treatment. METHOD: We used network analysis to conceptualize ED-SAD comorbidity in a sample of 2,215 participants with a primary diagnosis of ED, SAD, or no known diagnosis. We used novel network analyses methods to select symptoms for our models, identify potential illness pathways (i.e., bridge symptoms) between disorders and underlying vulnerabilities (e.g., perfectionism, social appearance anxiety), and to compare across sample types (e.g., clinical vs. nonclinical). We also tested several novel network analyses methods aimed at the following methodological concerns: (a) topological concerns (i.e., which items should be included in NA models), (b) how to use empirical indices to quantify bridge symptoms and (c) what differences in networks across samples mean. RESULTS: We found that difficulty with drinking beverages and eating in public were bridge symptoms between ED and SAD. We also found that feeling nervous about one's appearance was a bridge symptom. CONCLUSIONS: We identified public eating and drinking as bridge symptoms between EDs and SAD. Future research is needed to test if interventions focused on public eating and drinking might decrease symptoms of both EDs and SAD. Researchers can use this study (code provided) as an exemplar for how to use network analysis, as well as to use network analysis to conceptualize ED comorbidity and compare network structure and density across samples.

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease involving the accumulation of macrophages in the intima. Wnt5a is a noncanonical member of the Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins. Recently, human macrophages have been shown to express Wnt5a upon stimulation with bacterial pathogens in vitro and in granulomatous lesions in the lung of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected patients. Wnt5a expression has also been liked to Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), an innate immune receptor implicated in atherosclerosis. These observations, along with the fact that Wnt5a is involved in cell migration and proliferation, led us to postulate that Wnt5a plays a role in atherosclerosis. To investigate this hypothesis, we characterized Wnt5a expression in murine and human atherosclerotic lesions. Tissue sections derived from the aortic sinus to the aortic arch of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and sections derived from the carotid arteries of patients undergoing endarterectomy were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. All samples were found to be positive for Wnt5a with predominant staining in the areas of macrophage accumulation within the intima. In parallel, we probed for the presence of TLR-4 and found coincident TLR-4 and Wnt5a expression. For both the Wnt5a and TLR-4 staining, consecutive tissue sections treated with an isotype- and species-matched Ig served as a negative control and exhibited little, if any, reactivity. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that Wnt5a mRNA expression in RAW264.7 murine macrophages can be induced by stimulation with LPS, a known ligand for TLR-4. Combined, these findings demonstrate for the first time Wnt5a expression in human and murine atherosclerotic lesions and suggest that cross talk between TLR-4 and Wnt5a is operative in atherosclerosis.

This paper explores the effects of allowing large, price-responsive consumers to provide reserves in a power system with significant penetration of wind energy. A bilevel optimization model represents the utility maximization problem of a large consumer, subject to a stochastic day-ahead co-optimization of energy and reserves that a system operator would solve to clear the market while considering wind power uncertainty. An examination of the market outcomes from both an illustrative and a large-scale study using this model allows analysis of a) the effects of the type of behavior of the large consumer (i.e., strategic vs competitive), b) limits on the amount of reserves it is allowed to provide, and c) variability and accuracy of characterization of wind power uncertainty.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there is a latent structure among measures used to evaluate rehabilitation outcomes for persons with traumatic brain injury and if the construct of participation is discernible within this structure. DESIGN: Exploratory factor analyses of 2 cross-sectional cohorts of rehabilitation patients who sustained a traumatic brain injury up to 5 years prior to assessment. PRIMARY MEASURES: Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART), Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). RESULTS: Both factor analyses suggested a latent structure composed of 3 factors that were interpreted as representing the Activities and Participation dimensions of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and a third representing Subjective Well-Being. Low to moderate correlations were found between factors. CONCLUSIONS: The World Health Organization's ICF excludes subjective well-being; however the factor analyses indicate that it is a distinct domain not incorporated into Activities and Participation. The SF-36, CIQ, and CHART can, in combination, evaluate all 3 domains, but not alone. The SF-36 appears to be sensitive to the affective, but not the cognitive, aspect of Subjective Well-Being. A measure of life satisfaction would be a useful supplement to traditional measures of rehabilitation outcome.

OBJECTIVE: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) are life-threatening systemic hyperinflammatory syndromes that can develop in most inflammatory contexts. They can progress rapidly, and early identification and management are critical for preventing organ failure and mortality. This effort aimed to develop evidence-based and consensus-based points to consider to assist clinicians in optimising decision-making in the early stages of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of HLH/MAS. METHODS: A multinational, multidisciplinary task force of physician experts, including adult and paediatric rheumatologists, haematologist/oncologists, immunologists, infectious disease specialists, intensivists, allied healthcare professionals and patients/parents, formulated relevant research questions and conducted a systematic literature review (SLR). Delphi methodology, informed by SLR results and questionnaires of experts, was used to generate statements aimed at assisting early decision-making and optimising the initial care of patients with HLH/MAS. RESULTS: The task force developed 6 overarching statements and 24 specific points to consider relevant to early recognition of HLH/MAS, diagnostic approaches, initial management and monitoring of HLH/MAS. Major themes included the simultaneous need for prompt syndrome recognition, systematic evaluation of underlying contributors, early intervention targeting both hyperinflammation and likely contributors, careful monitoring for progression/complications and expert multidisciplinary assistance. CONCLUSION: These 2022 EULAR/American College of Rheumatology points to consider provide up-to-date guidance, based on the best available published data and expert opinion. They are meant to help guide the initial evaluation, management and monitoring of patients with HLH/MAS in order to halt disease progression and prevent life-threatening immunopathology.

Abstract One hypothesized reason for why a disproportionately low number of men enter caregiving fields is how such men are perceived. In two studies, drawing upon the Stereotype Content Model and the lack‐of‐fit model, we tested whether men would encounter more social (e.g., likeability bias) and economic (e.g., hiring or job opportunity bias) penalties than women in caregiving professions due to perceptions that men are less warm than women. In all three studies, we created job or employment materials in which the gender of the candidate or employee was manipulated. In Study 1, a female preschool teacher received higher warmth ratings than a male preschool teacher, which in turn predicted preference for the female teacher over the male teacher. In Study 2, a female social worker was rated more highly in warmth and job hireability than a male social worker; warmth also mediated the relationships between gender and both likeability and job hireability. In Study 3, a male preschool teacher was rated lower in warmth, likeability, job hireability, and job suitability than both a female preschool teacher and a preschool teacher with an unspecified gender. There were no differences between perceived competence of men and women in caregiving positions when competence was assessed. Implications for the factors that predict adverse reactions to and penalties against men in caregiving occupations, as well as interventions to combat the potential negative effects of such penalties on men's interest in caregiving careers, are discussed.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of a social determinants of health (SDH) screening tool and service referral on emergency department (ED) use among patients at a Federally Qualified Health Center primary care clinic. STUDY DESIGN: Quasi-experimental. SAMPLE: Three-hundred and eleven English-speaking patients 18 years and older. MEASURES: The Core 5 SDH screening tool consists of five yes/no items assessing food, housing, utilities, transportation, and safety needs. The number of ED visits 3 months before and after the intervention were collected from electronic health records. INTERVENTION: The research team administered the Core 5 SDH screening tool and if desired, referred patients with an identified need for SDH services. RESULTS: Approximately 43% of patients reported a SDH need with food insecurity most prevalent (62.2%). The number of ED visits was significantly lower 3 months post-intervention compared to 3 months before for the 125 participants who wanted and received the SDH service referral (IRR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41, 0.99) and for the 35 participants who reported receiving some/all of the needed services at the 2-week follow-up (IRR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: Addressing patients' SDH needs may reduce ED visits, lower healthcare costs, and ultimately, improve health.

Discusses the authors’ approach to experiential learning in a two‐semester “engineering physics” course at a large metropolitan university in the USA. A student‐centered methodology stressing teamwork while incorporating individual creativity is used in an interdisciplinary course setting. Students practice transferable skills relevant to today’s technological workplace. Discusses the methodology and lessons learned in the context of higher education in the USA and abroad.

Access to different forms of education has become more prevalent in recent years. Online learning design requires innovative pedagogical practices. Dr. Bloomberg provides strategies for online course design, student engagement, andpedagogical methodology.

Abstract The dynamics of institutional power need to be addressed through structural practices that support prospects for authentic, democratic partnerships.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the V pre‐notched specimens with different relative depth ratio and the relative distance ratio by the AE signals in in situ three‐point bending tests. Simultaneously, during the bending process, the V pre‐notched specimen is in situ monitored by the opto‐digital microscope. In order to analyze the depth of V‐notch and the distance between the side V‐notches and the middle V‐notch effect on the specimens, a finite element analysis model is built by ABAQUS. Combining the in situ images, the AE signals and the finite element analysis (FEA) results, it is found that the experiment results are consistent with the FEA results. It is demonstrated that the amplitude of AE signals can effectively characterize the crack initiation, crack growth, and crack fast instability fracture.

SIGNIFICANCE: Delivering personalized three-dimensional (3D)-printed solutions for our patients is easier now than it has ever been. This technological revolution makes things possible that it would be extremely challenging to achieve using traditional approaches. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to increase awareness among the optometric and vision science community of opportunities to apply 3D printing to enhance clinical practice and research. METHODS: A widely available fused deposition modeling 3D printing approach was used to fabricate several plastic items for use in optometric practice and low vision rehabilitation. RESULTS: The authors will share nine optometric extensions of 3D printing: (1) an attachment for glare-acuity testing, (2) a disposable cover paddle to limit infection spread for red-eye visits, (3) ophthalmic equipment repair/modification, (4) ophthalmic lens thickness calipers, (5) NoIR lens filter flipper, (6) Optivisor faceplate, (7) EasyPocket lanyard card holder, (8) dome magnifier handle, and (9) a phoropter near card holder. CONCLUSIONS: Designing customized solutions and problem-solving for our patients and offices are becoming easier to do using 3D printing every year. The possible applications for this technology are constantly being expanded. This technology allows for cost-effective production of solutions, some of which would not be feasible otherwise.

Solubility of CO 2 in media formed one-or-more of four forms of inorganic carbon species: carbonic acid, aqueous carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and carbonate and generated hydrogen ion affecting the medium pH. The saturated TIC and pH were studied using RO water, RO+, GM and GM+ with air (0.038%), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 10% CO 2 under atmospheric pressure at temperatures of 25, 35, 45, and 55C. Chemical species existing in the media formed additional inorganic carbon species functioning as a buffer, resulting in raising the medium pH. The NaOH boosted the TIC holding capacity of the media and improved the saturated pH. At a specific CO 2 -enriched air and medium, the saturated pH linearly increased with respect to increased temperature, which implied the decreasing of TIC. However, the saturated TIC concentration nonlinearly decreased with respect to temperature. At a specific medium and temperature, the saturated pH nonlinearly decreased with respect to increased CO 2 concentration whereas the TIC concentration linearly increased with respect to increased CO 2 -enriched air. At a specific CO 2 -enriched air, medium and temperature, increasing of TIC concentration decreased the medium pH. The saturated TIC and pH became stable at a same period of time; however, the correlation of the TIC and pH was invalid. The saturated pH can be used to specify the saturation condition of TIC.

Sodium hydroxide solution was mixed with cyanobacteria growth media (50% RO water and 50% BG -11) in a ratio of 1 mL of 3M NaOH per liter a of media (3mM/L) to examine the effects on CO 2 solubility using air (0.038%), 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 10% CO 2 under atmospheric pressure at temperatures of 25, 35, 45, and 55C. In addition, the solubility of 0.5% and 1.0% CO 2 -enriched air was investigated its behavior with respect to changing of NaOH concentration. The NaOH solution played a significant role for CO 2 solubility in increasing CO 2 solubility holding capacity. Ratios of TIC response among 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% CO 2 solubility to NaOH were approximately 1 and 2 for 10.0% CO 2 compared to 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% CO 2 ,which was much less than the theoretical driving force ratio of these CO 2 levels. These ratios decreased with respect to increased temperature. The TIC from CO 2 solubility was linearly proportional to the amount of the NaOH solution used and to the increased CO 2 levels. Experimental results yielded meaningful correlations of TIC concentrations and a bulk parameter as a function of temperatures, CO 2 concentrations and amounts of the NaOH concentration.

Background Stem-like progenitor exhausted CD8 + T cells (T PEX ), located within the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), are responsible for maintaining tumor-specific responses in cancer. Although cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-15 are known to expand CD8 + T-cell subsets, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the TDLN is known to arrest the egress of these T PEX to the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that combining IL-15 stimulatory and TGF-β blocking activity would boost antitumor responses mediated by T PEX in the TDLN. Methods We developed a bifunctional TGF-βRII/IL-15 protein complex (HCW9218) and evaluated its antitumor activity in two murine models of melanoma and breast cancer. Peripheral blood, TDLN and tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells were characterized by flow cytometry following a single subcutaneous dose (s.c.) of HCW9218. Transcription profiling of CD8 + T cells in both murine models was performed. Synergistic activity of HCW9218 with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was evaluated. Finally, safety and immune profiling in patients with chemo-refractory/relapsed solid tumors was performed in a Phase 1 dose-escalating trial. Results HCW9218 was capable of localizing to the TDLNs and tumors after s.c. administration, neutralized TGF-β, expanded T PEX in TDLNs, increased chemokine-expressing effectors in peripheral circulation and promoted their infiltration into murine tumors. These data were corroborated in RNA sequencing analysis of TDLNs. ICIs significantly enhanced the effects of HCW9218 on T PEX and synergistically improved HCW9218 antitumor efficacy in melanoma and reduced spontaneous lung metastasis in breast cancer models. In a Phase 1 clinical trial, HCW9218 monotherapy was well-tolerated, reduced serum TGF-β levels, promoted and sustained CD8 + T-cell expansion in peripheral blood and CD8 + T-cell infiltration in tumor biopsies. Stable disease was reported for four of six subjects (67%) with advanced ovarian cancer treated with HCW9218. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that combination therapy targeting immune cells critical for antitumor responses and blocking immune-suppressive environment significantly improves antitumor therapeutic efficacy. These findings provide a strong basis for using HCW9218 to enhance the efficacy of ICIs against solid tumors in the clinical setting.

This report is an attempt to integrate some conceptual and methodological divergencies in man-machine system research. A. conceptual format and a procedure for input analysis are proposed which are derived from a cybernetics model. The format is suggested as a means to organize theoretical propositions. Some problems related to real-time simulation as a research method for system research are considered and an approach to methods improvement is discussed.

A novel, laboratory-scale, membrane-based photo bioreactor was used to investigate the feasibility of CO 2 removal from flue gas of coal-fired power plants using the photosynthetic conversion of CO 2 in terms of algal biomass productivity (g m -2 day -1 ). The experiments employed atmospheric CO 2 and CO 2 -enriched air concentrations of 0.5% and 10% under light intensities of 7510 mol m -2 s -1 , with gas and water temperatures of 503 C. An initial mass of thermophilic cyanobacterial was grown on a 2'x1' vertical growth surface for a 16-day period. The culture media flowed vertically down the growth surfaces while a CO 2 -enriched air stream was circulated horizontally across and parallel to the surfaces. The productivities of algal biomass growth in atmospheric CO 2 , 0.5% and 10% CO 2 were approximately 1.20, 1.82, and 1.86 g m -2 day -1 , respectively. The result showed insignificant difference in gained algal biomass between 0.5% and 10% CO 2 .

Telluric currents have been an interesting phenomenon to corrosion engineers for many years due to the engineers’ natural curiosity to know more about this fascinating occurrence that appeared to induce erratic currents and potentials on buried piping. Although there are references in the corrosion literature to “telluric” effects, these effects had not been experimentally substantiated. Many corrosion engineers have observed sporadic changes in pipeline potentials and currents during periods of publicized solar flare activity and sunspots. A peak in the so-called sunspot cycle occurred during the 1957-58 International Geographical Year. A great deal of publicity was given to this peak activity as the U.S.A. and Canada’s defense radio communications went through a complete loss in radio communications in the Northern Hemisphere for a short time due to sunspot effects. Many corrosion engineers reported strange and erratic current flow on pipelines in this same period. (The author had by coincidence set Bristol smoke chart recorders in operation on a 14-in pipeline of the Manufacturers Light and Heat Company in Eastern Pennsylvania and noted erratic variations in line current during this period.)

ABSTRACT The reliability of deep learning models for machinery fault diagnosis is frequently compromised by poor data quality in industrial environments, yet the literature remains dominated by architectural innovations validated on pristine laboratory datasets. This study addresses this gap through a rigorous controlled experiment quantifying the impact of data quality on diagnostic performance, training stability, and model calibration. We evaluate three distinct deep learning architectures, Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM), ResNet1D, and Transformer, across two benchmark datasets: Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and Machinery Failure Prevention Technology (MFPT). A systematic corruption pipeline was developed to inject realistic imperfections, including missing data segments and additive noise, followed by a targeted cleaning pipeline utilizing linear interpolation and Winsorization. Experimental results reveal that data corruption degrades performance nonuniformly, with LSTM models suffering catastrophic collapse (56% F1‐score reduction) while Transformers exhibit superior robustness due to attention‐based masking. Crucially, the study uncovers a dataset‐specific pathology in the CWRU dataset where all models failed to detect Outer Race faults; this was resolved solely through the data cleaning process, which restored the periodic fault signatures. Furthermore, in five out of six experimental conditions, the cleaned data yielded higher diagnostic accuracy than the original pristine baseline, suggesting that systematic cleaning acts as a form of implicit regularization. These findings argue for a paradigm shift from model‐centric to data‐centric diagnosis, demonstrating that simple, interpretable data cleaning strategies can yield performance gains comparable to complex architectural modifications.

There is currently a concerted global effort to produce hypersonic vehicles. Structural materials in such vehicles must able to withstand high temperatures and retain a high stiffness, while carrying significant stresses. Titanium 15-3 metal matrix composites reinforced with SIC (SCS-6) fibers are being investigated to see if they satisfy the requirements for applications in such hypersonic vehicles. However, there is a limited understanding of structural failure modes in such composites. Fatigue damage mechanisms were identified in metal matrix composites via destructive and non-destructive testing (acoustic emission technique). Based on experimental evidence a micromechanical modeling approache was developped for the prediction of fatigue life in such composite materials. The model involves the use of crack-tip shielding concepts, in the assessments of crack bridging phenomena during fatigue crack growth. In addition, an acoustic emission modeling was developped utilizing micromechanical modeling and fracture mechanics concepts. Fatigue life predictions were obtained and compared with the actual/measured fatigue lives. The current approach of non-destructive characterization to damage history and life prediction will lead to a new maintenance philosophy under realistic service conditions. Characterization as well as the location of fatigue damage under real service conditions will allow the airframe to utilize condition-based maintenance instead of programmed-depot maintenance.