Ural Law Institute Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs

The article discusses the structure of legal consciousness in the view of the effect of its components on the choice between corrupt and non-corrupt behavior. For more detailed analysis, the research sample was comprised of students of a departmental institution of higher education specializing in jurisprudence, experienced law enforcement officials as well as convicts serving sentences in correctional facilities for the crimes they had committed (including corruption-related ones). It has been established that one's choice of corrupt behavior is directly related to the general level of development of one's legal consciousness. Convicts are more characterized by underdeveloped mindset for respecting the rule of law: they yield to corruption in situations with no other way to resolve their problem or if giving a bribe feels less "costly". Essential structural components of corrupt behavior have been revealed: strong belief that corruption is ineradicable, allowing acts of bribery under certain circumstances, legal immaturity, motives to justify such behavior, mixed or contradictory attitudes towards corruption. The general level of one's legal consciousness influences one's choice between corrupt and non-corrupt behavior.

To assess the clinical and laboratory characteristics of an adaptation period in babies delivered by cesarean section in hypertensive women, a survey was conducted in 196 neonatal infants. Fetal growth restriction, Apgar scores, degree of asphyxia, and resuscitation needs were determined. Umbilical cord indicators, such as blood gas composition and acid-base balance in the umbilical artery and vein, were studied. The course of an early postnatal adaptation and the outcomes of an early neonatal period were analyzed. The newborn babies of hypertensive mothers were found to have lower gestational age at birth, lower weight and height, a higher incidence of fetal growth restriction, and failure of most organs and systems, which considerably hampered their postnatal adaptation. In the group of babies born to mothers with severe preeclampsia, impairment in early neonatal adaptation processes was more pronounced than in those of mothers with chronic hypertension.

This study was undertaken to compare amino acid concentrations in maternal and newborn infants' serum in normal pregnancy and two groups of obese women who were born themselves with normal and small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight. Maternal cholesterol, lipoproteins concentrations and maternal and infants amino acid concentrations were evaluated at the time of delivery in 28 normal pregnancies, 46 obese pregnant women with normal birth weight (Ob-AGA group) and 44 obese pregnant women born themselves SGA (Ob-SGA group). Mean birth weight of newborn infants in Ob-SGA group was significantly less than in normal and Ob-AGA groups. Cholesterol and lipoproteins were significantly elevated in obese women (more prominent in Ob-SGA group). Most amino acid concentrations and fetal-maternal amino acid gradients were significantly lower in Ob-SGA group. These data suggest significant changes in placental amino acid transport/synthetic function in obese women who were born themselves SGA.

The paper is devoted to the issue of the current and future impact of the special military operation launched in February 2022 on crime in Russia. The purpose of the paper is the following. Based on criminal records statistics and doctrinal points of view, the author aims to identify socially dangerous acts caused by a special military operation; to make assumptions about the development of the criminal situation in the country in the context of a special military operation; to propose measures to prevent the deterioration of the criminal situation. The following aspects have been consistently analyzed: criminality of persons pardoned for participation in a special military operation (taking into account the historical experience of involving prisoners in combat); criminality due to post-traumatic stress disorder; criminality due to the increase in income of participants in a special military operation, as well as in connection with their acquisition of skills in handling firearms; fraudulent actions against relatives of participants in a special military operation; juvenile delinquency; crime related to forced migration; extremist manifestations; war crime. The data on criminal records for 2019–2023 for a number of crimes and in the context of the category of socially dangerous acts committed are separately noted. The empirical basis of the study was data from the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, Rosstat and the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The results of the study can be applied in law enforcement, in the legislative process and in further scientific research on the impact of military operations on crime.

Abstract The development and implementation of innovations are becoming integral functions of a modern industrial enterprise. The author has developed an author’s approach to assessing the innovation potential of forest enterprises through the analysis of financial sustainability and the ability to cover their own liabilities to achieve competitive advantages. The methodological research toolkit uses the competitiveness rating of economic entities of the timber industry complex of the Ural region, formed according to several economic indicators of the market segment occupied by the enterprise, the quality of its products, innovation activity and its efficiency, the degree of financial support, innovative research projects and the availability and effectiveness of facilities, as the resulting indicator. The economic profit indicator used to assess the effectiveness of enterprises is positive if the enterprise has managed to earn more than the profitability of similar enterprises, i.e. the enterprise implements innovative projects, which in turn bring additional competitive advantages. The developed approach makes it possible to identify and evaluate the most significant elements of the innovative potential of the enterprise on the basis of the rating assessment, thus allowing to take into account the specific features of the enterprise and its operating conditions.

Abstract. The article presents the results of a scientific and theoretical analysis of the research conducted by Russian scientists on the psychological aspects of the activities of managers and their impact on the climate in the workforce, describes the results of a study conducted on a sample of 117 employees of 39 service teams of traffic police units of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the district level of the Sverdlovsk region, analyzes the psychological aspects of the activities of the head and their influence on the socio-psychological climate in service teams. The ways of improving the efficiency of managerial skills of heads of internal affairs bodies are proposed. The emphasis is placed on the insufficient elaboration of the topic of the influence of the moral qualities of the personality of the head of the internal affairs bodies on the creation of an appropriate climate in the service team.

In 2003, the legislator decided to exclude the seizure of property from the realm of criminal law, which scientists assessed rather critically. Almost two decades later, despite the problems in the field of combating acquisitive crime, there have been no adjustments to this decision in essence. The paper determines the preventive potential of property seizure as a measure of punishment (in the form in which it existed before the exclusion) based on the analysis of data from the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for the period from 2004 to 2020. This data includes the number of those convicted of crimes subject to seizure until 2003, as well as the proportion of convicts on these offenses in comparison with the bodies of crimes without classifying elements. The study resulted in that the hypothesis that property seizure, as an independent type of punishment, was effective, its abolition led to a significant loss of the preventive potential of the sanction, and imposition of a punishment that did not correspond to the nature and degree of social danger did not find its confirmation. Consequently, the argument that property seizure had a significant preventive potential that was lost after the 2003 legislative adjustment, at least in relation to crimes against property and banditry, is quite debatable. The effectiveness of this measure of punishment was significantly reduced by its additional and optional nature. It seems justified to correct the criminal law in terms of the introduction of imprisonment as the main punishment for bribery.

The article discusses types and forms of an addictive behavior of law enforcement officers (in terms of employees of internal affairs bodies) in conjunction with individual psychological characteristics. The attention is focused on the variety of addictive behavior approaches available in the scientific literature. According to the data obtained, such addictions as relationship, Internet-computer, work, adrenaline are most pronounced among employees of the internal affairs bodies in view of the peculiarities of professional activity. It was revealed that more than half of the internal affairs officers have a tendency to manifest addictive behavior. The particular structures of the manifestation of addictive behavior are described using factor analysis. The chosen five-factor model allowed to describe specific forms of addiction: addiction of negative relations, emotional addiction, distance from society, introverted workaholism, emotional interpersonal relations. The patterns of the relationship of addictive behavior with emotional instability, anxiety, social inclusion, suspicion, and emotional regulation of behavior are revealed.

The paper examines the practice of imprisonment sentencing in Russia since the early 2000s until 2021. Using diagrams, in the context of the issue under consideration, the structure of the author scrutinizes criminal penalties imposed in Russia at the end of 2021; the number and proportion of those sentenced to imprisonment in Russia in the period from 2003 to 2021. As part of the analysis of the practice of applying imprisonment sentence for certain categories of crimes, the author studies the following: the proportion of those sentenced to real imprisonment for murder in Russia for the period from 2003 to 2021; the share of those sentenced to real imprisonment in the total mass of those convicted for intentionally causing grievous bodily harm in Russia for the period from 2003 to 2021; the number of people convicted of intentionally causing grievous bodily harm; the proportion of those sentenced to imprisonment for aggravated rape in Russia in the period from 2003 to 2021; the number of people convicted of taking bribes in Russia from 2007 to 2021; the structure of punishment for accepting a bribe in Russia in the period from 2007 to 2021. The author draws conclusions about the observed trend of reducing the share of the considered type of punishment from 88% in 2003 to 57% in 2021, achieved mainly by reducing the number of suspended sentences, as well as about the problems of the observed practice of choosing punishment in the form imprisonment for specific offenses. In particular, it is pointed out that it is inadmissible to recognize the practice of imposing imprisonment sentences for intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm as the correct and appropriate position of the legislator, as well as the validity of reducing the frequency of choice of punishment in the form of imprisonment (especially suspended) in relation to persons who received a bribe under aggravating circumstances, including in a significant, large, especially large amount.

The health status was analyzed in extremely preterm infants at a postconceptual age of 38–40 weeks and in the first year of life. All the infants in the analyzed group were shown to have respiratory disorders, severe perinatal CNS lesions, and the high incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and infectious and inflammatory diseases. In the first year of life, these children belonged to a group of the frequently ill. Dysfunction of the digestive system and intestinal microflora and residual signs of rickets were detected in the majority of the patients; the manifestations of bronchopulmonary dysplasia persisted in 50%. 40% of the infants had disabling complications.

The growth and mycorrhization of the 1-year-old pine seedlings root system were considered when they were
 grown in a forest nursery after carrying out various agrotechnical measures: sowing pine after green manure and bare
 fallow, and also introducing forest litter into the soil. The best growth and the root system development were observed
 in seedlings grown after bare fallow and bare fallow with the introduction of forest litter in conditions of poor soils (low
 supply of nutrients). Seedlings grown in all variants after bare fallow had the best growth rates than seedlings grown
 after green manure. Concluded it is recommended to carry out the bioremediation to reduce soil contamination by pesticides using forest litter in fields without the use of green manure. This method can allow not only to increase the linear
 sizes of pine seedlings, but also to improve the soil quality

<p style="text-align: justify;">The article is devoted to the study of the psychological safety of individuals exposed to extreme conditions, with a particular focus on the likelihood of maintaining health and performance after exposure to traumatic factors. The problem, particularly in relation to employees of internal affairs bodies operating under special conditions, has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of the study is to explore the components of psychological safety that are interrelated with post-traumatic symptoms in employees of internal affairs agencies. Comparative and correlation analyses were used for this study, with the comparison criterion being the presence of combat experience among employees. The empirical base of the study consists of two groups: 38 employees with combat experience and 69 employees without such experience. The theoretical positions are supported by the empirical part of the study, which confirms the existence of a relationship between the nature of post-traumatic reactions and components of psychological safety. The severity of post-traumatic symptoms in employees of internal affairs bodies serving in special conditions depends on the formation of an individual system of self-regulation, adaptability, and a sense of subjective emotional comfort.</p>

В статье проводится анализ российских и зарубежных исследований, посвященных формированию массмедийного образа полиции в СМИ, и изучаются методы моделирования образа языковыми и неязыковыми средствами.

. () , - , - . , , - . - . , - . , - , () , - - () . , -, - (-), - . , . - . - . - (): , , , - , . , - , - , -Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS. 2021. Volume 16. No. 5 - : 105 .

The article examines the professional activity of the internal affairs officers who often con-centrate on the imposed work schedule, getting out of synch with their inner (body’s) clock. Disturbed synchronisation with one’s natural order is accompanied by psychoemotional stress, the latter becomes chronical and habitual. The study aims at revealing personality determinants of addictive behavior of internal affairs officers. The theoretical conclusions are substantiated with the experimental part of the research during which the following has been accomplished: 1) Relationship between one’s personality determinants and one’s ur-gency addiction has been established; 2) Personality determinants contributing to preven-tion of urgency addiction have been identified. Hence the need for developing one’s own personality determinants that would be able to deal with emergence and development of urgency addiction (positive value orientations, positive view of the future, well-developed personality’s regulatory qualities (flexibility and self-reliance)) during one’s training and performance.

К ВоПроСУ оБ ЭКоноМиЧеСКиХ ЭФФеКТаХ В СВЯЗи С КоронаКриЗиСоМ COVID

The purpose of the study is the identification and semantically–pragmatic interpretation of axiologems in the advertising of the Chinese automobile brand HAVAL. The empirical material of the study is the advertising texts of the HAVAL auto brand. The article examines the issues of linguistic axiology, reveals, based on scientific sources, such key concepts for research as the axiosphere, axiologeme, axiological landmark, axiological dominant. In this article, the authors note that the concepts of "axiologeme", "axiological landmark" and "axiological dominant" are absolute synonyms. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the authors for the first time identified a specific set of axiologems in the texts of the advertising discourse devoted to the HAVAL auto brand, taking into account their frequency of use in advertising, based on lexicographic data, conducted a linguopragmatic interpretation of the identified axiological dominants. It is shown that the semantics of some axiologems can be subjected to concretization or increment of new meanings. As a result of the analysis of advertising texts, it was revealed that the main values in the advertising of the HAVAL auto brand are safety, comfort, technology/intelligence, style/design. At the same time, if safety and comfort are in the first place in official advertising, then in the reviews of car owners, priority is given to style, design and technology.

The article scrutinizes the current legislation aimed at combating corruption. Special attention is paid to crimes the number of which among corruption-related crimes is overwhelming. These include, in particular, Art. 290 “Bribe-taking”, 291 “Bribe-giving”, 204 “Commercial bribery” of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Also, attention is paid to relatively new offences providing for liability for crimes of corruption, namely: Article 291.1 “Bribery facilitation,” 291.2 “Petty bribery,” 204.1”Commercial bribery facilitation” and 204.2” Petty commercial bribery “ of the Criminal Code. The paper analyzes international instruments governing the fight against corruption, especially the United Nations Convention Against Corruption. Based on the analysis of the above norms, the authors argue the need to amend the current legislation, inter alia, in order to bring it in line with international instruments.

The success of a TV personality, both in the social and professional sphere, depends on the speed and effectiveness of his thinking, creative behavior in unexpected and unpredictable situations. The ability to quickly navigate various communication situations, find a successful path contributes to success. Knowledge about speech behaviour, speech impact, as well as the ability to use speech strategies and tactics can help achieve definite goals and increase communication efficiency. The study of speech behaviour of Oprah Winfrey has been carried out within the framework of hidden pragmalinguistics. The conducted research contributes to the development of a methodology for diagnosing the personality qualities of a speaker by his speech, to the theory of studying stereotypical speech behavior of professional groups.

Examinations were made in 35 boys and 39 girls with extremely low birth weight in order to identify gender-related clinical and im￾munological features. A comparison group consisted of 31 full-term newborns with early uncomplicated adaptation. The investigators determined the number of lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokine-producing cells (CD3+INF-γ+, CD3+IL-4+) by flow cytometry and the serum levels of cytokines (IL-4, IFN-γ) and neopterin by enzyme immunoassay. A study of immunological parameters revealed that the boys had a smaller number of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ subpopulations, a reduced content of CD3+IL-4+ cells at birth, and low IL-4 production on the first day of life compared to the full-term neonates. The girls were recorded to have higher levels of neopterin and B cells on the first day of life, the quantitative characteristics of T lymphocytes were consistent with those in the full-term infants. The findings are indicative of the greater functional immaturity of the immune system in the preterm boys.