Absolute surface energies of group-IV semiconductors: Dependence on orientation and reconstruction

We use a plane-wave-pseudopotential code to study the surface energetics for the elemental semiconductors Ge, Si, and diamond from first principles. Various reconstruction geometries including 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1, 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1, $c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttim... View More