Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts and Concerns.

E, Itoi; G, Arce; GI, Bain; RL, Diercks; D, Guttmann; AB, Imhoff; AD, Mazzocca; H, Sugaya; YS, Yoo

doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2016.03.024

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Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts and Concerns.

Shared by NobleBlocks on May 12, 2016 • 12:00 AM UTC

Authors:

Itoi E

Arce G

Bain GI

Abstract

<h4>Unlabelled</h4>Shoulder stiffness can be caused by various etiologies such as immobilization, trauma, or surgical interventions. The Upper Extremity Committee of ISAKOS defined the term "frozen shoulder" as idiopathic stiff shoulder, that is, without a known cause. Secondary stiff shoulder is a ...

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