Abstract The influence of halogen substitutions (F, Cl, Br, and I) on the energy levels of the self‐assembled hole‐extracting molecule [2‐(9 H ‐Carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), is investigated. It is found that the formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of [2‐(3,6‐Difluoro‐9 H ‐ca...
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